Activity of Herbal Medicines on Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes: Implications for Malaria Transmission in Ghana.
Activity of Herbal Medicines on Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes: Implications for Malaria Transmission in Ghana.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0142587
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kusi KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amoah LE;Kakaney C;Kwansa-Bentum B;Kusi KA
尽管采用了基于青蒿素的联合疗法（ACT）以及使用杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）等其他预防措施，但疟疾仍然是加纳的一个主要健康问题。全球对根除疟疾的追求提高了人们对识别针对寄生虫性阶段的药物（称为阻断传播药物）的兴趣。本研究旨在评估加纳一些常用草药疟疾产品的功效和配子体效应。在确定了加纳市场上经常购买的草药抗疟疾产品后，选择了其中十种并冻干。对恶性疟原虫3D7株的无性和体外产生的配子体进行不同浓度的草药产品的体外药敏试验。通过显微镜评估产品的功效。含有低剂量 RT 的培养物也产生了最少数量的晚期配子体。两种草药产品 CM 和 RT 在 100 μg/ml 时抑制晚期配子体的生长超过 80%，而 KG 在相同浓度下对早期配子体的抑制最强。然而，在1μg/ml时，只有YF显着抑制晚期配子体的存活，尽管在相同浓度下YF几乎不抑制早期配子体的存活。草药产品 RT（Aloe schweinfurthii、Khaya senegalensis、Piliostigma thonningii 和 Cassia siamea）展示了高效配子体产品的特性。低剂量的草药产品RT表现出最高的配子体活性，在100μg/ml时，RT表现出对晚期配子体>80％的抑制。然而，RT 对无性阶段寄生虫的抑制并不是最佳的。改善RT的无性抑制可以将RT转化为理想的抗疟草药产品。我们还发现，一般含有草本植物的 C. sanguinolenta 除了具有高无性功效外，还表现出配子体活性。具有高配子体活性的草药产品有助于减少疟疾传播。
Malaria still remains a major health issue in Ghana despite the introduction of Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) coupled with other preventative measures such as the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs). The global quest for eradication of malaria has heightened the interest of identifying drugs that target the sexual stage of the parasite, referred to as transmission-blocking drugs. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy and gametocydal effects of some commonly used herbal malaria products in Ghana. After identifying herbal anti-malarial products frequently purchased on the Ghanaian market, ten of them were selected and lyophilized. In vitro drug sensitivity testing of different concentrations of the herbal products was carried out on asexual and in vitro generated gametocytes of the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The efficacies of the products were assessed by microscopy. Cultures containing low dose of RT also produced the least number of late stage gametocytes. Two of the herbal products CM and RT inhibited the growth of late stage gametocytes by > 80% at 100 μg/ml whilst KG was the most inhibitory to early stage gametocytes at that same concentration. However at 1 μg/ml, only YF significantly inhibited the survival of late stage gametocytes although at that same concentration YF barely inhibited the survival of early stage gametocytes. Herbal product RT (Aloe schweinfurthii, Khaya senegalensis, Piliostigma thonningii and Cassia siamea) demonstrated properties of a highly efficacious gametocydal product. Low dose of herbal product RT exhibited the highest gametocydal activity and at 100 μg/ml, RT exhibited >80% inhibition of late stage gametocytes. However inhibition of asexual stage parasite by RT was not optimal. Improving the asexual inhibition of RT could convert RT into an ideal antimalarial herbal product. We also found that generally C. sanguinolenta containing herbal products exhibited gametocydal activity in addition to high asexual efficacy. Herbal products with high gametocydal activity can help in the fight to reduce malaria transmission.