AID and Reactive Oxygen Species Can Induce DNA Breaks within Human Chromosomal Translocation Fragile Zones.

AID and Reactive Oxygen Species Can Induce DNA Breaks within Human Chromosomal Translocation Fragile Zones.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.011
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发表时间:
2017-12-07
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Lieber MR
Lieber MR
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pannunzio NR;Lieber MR

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DNA双链断裂(DSB)发生在小于200个碱基对的脆性区内,是淋巴恶性肿瘤中最常见的人类染色体易位的形成原因,但断裂发生的机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们将人类脆弱区转换为S。在遗传测定的背景下,对酿酒酵母进行了研究,以了解在这些位点导致DSB的机制。我们的研究结果表明,一个因素的组合是需要敏感这些地区。最重要的是,通过转录或增加的扭转应力的DNA链分离可以使这些DNA区域暴露于来自人类AID的表达或增加的氧化应激的损伤。这种损伤导致DNA损伤,如果不能快速修复,则易于发生核酸酶切割,从而导致DSB。我们的研究结果为为什么人类肿瘤易位脆性DNA序列更容易受到酶或试剂的影响而导致更长寿命的DNA损伤提供了机理上的见解。Pannunzio和Lieber将哺乳动物DNA脆性区插入S.酿酒酵母基因测定和探索如何扭曲的DNA双链体结合ssDNA损伤剂靶向这些区域,以创建双链DNA断裂。这项工作对人类淋巴肿瘤的复发性染色体易位的形成具有意义。
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occurring within fragile zones of less than 200 base pairs account for the formation of the most common human chromosomal translocations in lymphoid malignancies, yet the mechanism of how breaks occur remains unknown. Here, we have transferred human fragile zones into S. cerevisiae in the context of a genetic assay to understand the mechanism leading to DSBs at these sites. Our findings indicate that a combination of factors is required to sensitize these regions. Foremost, DNA strand separation by transcription or increased torsional stress can expose these DNA regions to damage from either the expression of human AID or increased oxidative stress. This damage causes DNA lesions that, if not repaired quickly, are prone to nuclease cleavage resulting in DSBs. Our results provide mechanistic insight into why human neoplastic translocation fragile DNA sequences are more prone to enzymes or agents that cause longer-lived DNA lesions. Pannunzio and Lieber insert mammalian DNA fragile zones into an S. cerevisiae genetic assay and explore how distortion of the DNA duplex combined with ssDNA damaging agents target these zones to create double-strand DNA breaks. This work has implications for formation of the recurrent chromosomal translocations of human lymphoid neoplasms.
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