Using selective food plants to maximize biological control of vineyard pests
Using selective food plants to maximize biological control of vineyard pests
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01168.x
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Nicol, Helen I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Begum, Mahmuda;Gurr, Geoff M.;Nicol, Helen I.
1.生境操纵对于加强节肢动物害虫的生物控制很重要，但必须确定只有利于天敌的选择性食用植物，以避免无意中加剧虫害。进行了温室试验，以确定潜在的地被植物种类，当在葡萄园大量释放时，将改善卵寄生蜂赤眼蜂的性能，以控制叶蝉后斑潜蝇。进一步的实验确定了哪些植物提高了黄粉虫的幼虫存活率和成虫寿命，并通过田间试验研究了生物防治的田间强化。甘蓝花枝的温室存活率高于芥菜、十字花科蔬菜的花枝、去花树种的花枝或无花枝对照。与苦荞麦和罗汉果相似的试验表明，有花枝条的成活率高于无花枝和对照。有开花枝条的赤眼蜂日繁殖量高于无花处理的赤眼蜂。芥菜花和冬凌草花的繁殖力没有显著提高。无论是否有花，在以蜂蜜为基础的人工饲料中，雌雄海棠的成虫寿命与投喂以蜂蜜为基础的人工饲料时一样长，但无论是否有花，人工饲料处理下的成虫寿命都显著低于人工饲料处理。在完整的盆栽植株上，白菜蛾和白菜蛾的幼虫发育率低于芥菜、萝卜叶、白三叶和白三叶。在田间试验中，在释放卡氏毛虫后的第一个和第二个48h内，带花的池塘处理(西洋参、F.esculentum和L.maritima)的寄生率显著高于不带花的池塘处理(常规地被或裸地)。Maritima对褐飞虱有明显的益害作用，但对成虫和幼虫无明显作用。合成与应用。Lobularia maritima被推荐为最适合这一系统的选择性食用植物，它在藤条下的使用提供了抑制杂草的额外优势，从而避免了除草剂应用和机械控制的需要。
1. Habitat manipulation is important for enhancing biological control of arthropod pests, but identification of selective food plants that benefit only natural enemies is required in order to avoid inadvertently exacerbating pest damage.2. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify potential ground-cover plant species that would improve performance of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma carverae when mass released in vineyards to control the leafroller pest Epiphyas postvittana. Further experiments determined which plants increased immature survival and adult longevity of E. postvittana and a field experiment investigated field enhancement of biological control.3. Greenhouse survival of T. carverae was greater in the presence of flowering shoots of Lobularia maritima than with flowering shoots of either Brassica juncea or Coriandrum sativum, or with shoots of any species from which flowers had been removed or a control with no shoots. Similar experiments with Fagopyrum esculentum and Borage officinalis showed survival was higher in the presence of shoots with flowers than in without-flower and control treatments.4. Daily fecundity of T. carverae was greater in the presence of flowering shoots of L. maritima than F. esculentum and with treatments without flowers. There was no significant enhancement of fecundity with Brassica juncea and Borage officinalis flowers.5. Adult longevity of male and female E. postvittana was as long in the presence of Borage officinalis and F. esculentum flowers as when fed a honey-based artificial diet but longevity was significantly lower than in the artificial diet treatment when caged with C. sativum and L. maritima, irrespective of whether flowers were present or not.6. Larval development of E. postvittana on intact potted plants was lower on C. sativum and L. maritima than on Brassica juncea, Borage officinalis, F. esculentum and Trifolium repens (a known host of E. postvittana).7. In the first and second 48-h periods after release of T. carverae in a field experiment, parasitism was significantly higher in pooled treatments with flowers (C. sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima) than in pooled treatments without flowers (conventional ground-cover or bare earth).8. Lobularia maritima provided clear benefit to T. carverae but was not used by adult and larval E. postvittana.9. Synthesis and applications. Lobularia maritima is recommended as the selective food plant best suited to this system and its use beneath vines offers the additional advantage of suppressing weeds, so avoiding the need for herbicide applications and mechanical control.