Practice Does Not Make Perfect: No Causal Effect of Music Practice on Music Ability
Practice Does Not Make Perfect: No Causal Effect of Music Practice on Music Ability
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797614541990
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Ullen, Fredrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mosing, Miriam A.;Madison, Guy;Ullen, Fredrik
先天和后天对各种专业技能的相对重要性已经引起了激烈的争论。音乐熟练程度被视为专业技能的一般模式，刻意练习和音乐熟练程度之间的联系被解读为支持了一种流行的观点，即长期刻意练习必然会导致音乐能力的提高。在这里，我们研究了10,500对瑞典双胞胎的音乐实践和音乐能力(节奏、旋律和音调辨别)之间的联系(rS=.18-.36)。我们发现，音乐实践基本上是可遗传的(40%-70%)。音乐实践和音乐能力之间的联系主要是遗传的，与因果假说相反，非共同的环境影响并不起作用。练习次数不同的同卵双胞胎在能力上没有差异，所以当控制了遗传倾向时，更多的练习不再与更好的音乐技能联系在一起。这些发现表明，音乐实践可能不会对音乐能力产生因果影响，个体之间的遗传差异既影响着个人的音乐能力，也影响着个人的音乐倾向。
The relative importance of nature and nurture for various forms of expertise has been intensely debated. Music proficiency is viewed as a general model for expertise, and associations between deliberate practice and music proficiency have been interpreted as supporting the prevailing idea that long-term deliberate practice inevitably results in increased music ability. Here, we examined the associations (rs = .18-.36) between music practice and music ability (rhythm, melody, and pitch discrimination) in 10,500 Swedish twins. We found that music practice was substantially heritable (40%-70%). Associations between music practice and music ability were predominantly genetic, and, contrary to the causal hypothesis, nonshared environmental influences did not contribute. There was no difference in ability within monozygotic twin pairs differing in their amount of practice, so that when genetic predisposition was controlled for, more practice was no longer associated with better music skills. These findings suggest that music practice may not causally influence music ability and that genetic variation among individuals affects both ability and inclination to practice.