Heterogeneity in the lymphatic vascular system and its origin.
Heterogeneity in the lymphatic vascular system and its origin.
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DOI：
10.1093/cvr/cvw175
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Mäkinen T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ulvmar MH;Mäkinen T
淋巴管历来被视为液体和免疫细胞的被动管道，但随着淋巴管新功能的揭示，这一观点正在越来越多地被修正。新的证据表明，淋巴管内皮细胞通过抗原提呈和免疫调节基因的表达积极参与免疫调节。此外，淋巴管在摄取膳食脂肪和清除外周组织中的胆固醇方面发挥重要作用，并且它们与肥胖和动脉硬化有关。不同器官内的淋巴管在不同的生理和病理过程中表现出明显的可塑性和异质性，反映了其功能的专门化。此外，不同器官的淋巴管内皮细胞（LECs）最近被证明具有替代的发育起源，这可能有助于成人中所见的多种淋巴管和内皮功能的发育。在这里，我们讨论了最近的事态发展，在淋巴系统内的异质性的理解，考虑到器官特异性的功能和分子专业化的LEC和他们的发展起源。
Lymphatic vessels have historically been viewed as passive conduits for fluid and immune cells, but this perspective is increasingly being revised as new functions of lymphatic vessels are revealed. Emerging evidence shows that lymphatic endothelium takes an active part in immune regulation both by antigen presentation and expression of immunomodulatory genes. In addition, lymphatic vessels play an important role in uptake of dietary fat and clearance of cholesterol from peripheral tissues, and they have been implicated in obesity and arteriosclerosis. Lymphatic vessels within different organs and in different physiological and pathological processes show a remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity, reflecting their functional specialization. In addition, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of different organs were recently shown to have alternative developmental origins, which may contribute to the development of the diverse lymphatic vessel and endothelial functions seen in the adult. Here, we discuss recent developments in the understanding of heterogeneity within the lymphatic system considering the organ-specific functional and molecular specialization of LECs and their developmental origin.