Control of the Interactions Between Stream and Groundwater by Permafrost and Seasonal Frost in an Alpine Catchment, Northeastern Tibet Plateau, China
Control of the Interactions Between Stream and Groundwater by Permafrost and Seasonal Frost in an Alpine Catchment, Northeastern Tibet Plateau, China
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中国青藏高原东北部高山流域多年冻土和季节性霜冻对溪流与地下水相互作用的控制
DOI：
10.1029/2020jd033689
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhao Pan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rui Ma;Ziyong Sun;Qixin Chang;Mengyan Ge;Zhao Pan
虽然多年冻土和季节性霜冻对地下水和地表水之间相互作用的单独影响受到了广泛关注，但很少有人尝试研究多年冻土和季节性霜冻对地下水流及其与地表水相互作用的影响。以青藏高原东北部黑河流域源头区为研究对象，利用水文、化学、同位素数据和贝叶斯混合模型，研究了河流与地下水的相互作用、地下水对干流的贡献及其与多年冻土和季节冻土分布的关系。结果表明，由于补给水源和土壤的冻融作用，多年冻土区地下水流量和径流通量在解冻期增大，在解冻期达到最大值，在冻结期减小。这些变化影响了季节冻土区地下水的补给，导致不同冻融期季节冻土区地下水埋深和补给点与排泄点之间的水力梯度发生动态变化。相应地，地下水对干流流量的贡献从冻结期的95%下降到解冻期的80%-90%。解冻期流量下降到主流流量的40%~ 60%，复冻期流量上升到主流流量的70%~ 90%。从多年冻土区到季节冻土区和集水出口，季节冻土区皮埃蒙特平原含水层通过转换水文功能，即在冻结期缓慢释放地下水维持径流，在解冻期迅速将地下水输送到干流，对维持径流起着重要作用。
While the individual effects of permafrost and seasonal frost on the interactions between groundwater and surface water have received much attention, few attempts have been made to investigate the effects of permafrost and seasonal frost together on groundwater flow and its interactions with surface water. In this study, hydraulic, chemical, and isotopic data as well as a Bayesian mixing model were employed to investigate the interactions between streams and groundwater, the contributions of groundwater to the mainstream, and their relationships to the distribution of permafrost and seasonal frost in a representative subcatchment in the headwater region of the Heihe River Basin on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in China. Our results showed that due to the freezing and thawing of recharge water sources and soils, the groundwater flow and stream flux from the permafrost zone to the seasonal frost zone increased during the thawing period, with maximum values in thawed period, and decreased during the frozen period. These variations affected groundwater recharge in the seasonal frost zone, resulting in dynamic changes in the groundwater table and the hydraulic gradient between the recharge and discharge points in the seasonal frost zone during the different freeze‐thaw periods. Correspondingly, the contribution of groundwater to the mainstream discharge decreased from 95% during the frozen period to 80%–90% during the thawing period. It then decreased to ∼40%–60% of the mainstream discharge during the thawed period and increased to ∼70%–90% during the refreezing period. From the permafrost zone to the seasonal frost zone and the catchment outlet, the aquifers in the piedmont plain of the seasonal frost zone play an important role in maintaining streamflows by switching their hydrological functions, that is, slowly releasing groundwater to maintain the streamflow during the frozen period and rapidly transferring the groundwater to mainstream during the thawed period.
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