Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Flux, Nicotine Yield, and Particulate Matter Emissions: Impact of Device and Liquid Heterogeneity.
Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Flux, Nicotine Yield, and Particulate Matter Emissions: Impact of Device and Liquid Heterogeneity.
复制标题
电子烟尼古丁通量、尼古丁产量和颗粒物排放：设备和液体异质性的影响。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntac196
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fuemmeler,BernardF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soule,EricK;Mayne,Shannon;Snipes,William;Do,ElizabethK;Theall,Travis;Höchsmann,Christoph;Talih,Soha;Martin,CorbyK;Eissenberg,Thomas;Fuemmeler,BernardF
简介电子烟（ECIG）加热含尼古丁的液体以产生可吸入的气雾剂。 ECIG 功率（瓦数）和液体尼古丁浓度是预测尼古丁排放率（“通量”）的两个因素。这些因素因设备和用户的不同而有很大差异。 目的和方法本研究的目的是检查“现实世界”环境中 ECIG 设备和液体的异质性以及与预测的尼古丁通量、尼古丁产量和总颗粒物 (TPM) 排放量的关联。过去 30 天的 ECIG 用户（n = 84；平均年龄 = 23.8 岁 [SD = 9.6]）报告了设备和液体特性。设备功率通过万用表、设备显示屏测量或通过标签获得。液体尼古丁浓度通过标记或化学分析获得。针对参与者的主要设备计算了与 10 次 4 秒抽吸相关的预测尼古丁通量、尼古丁产量和 TPM。结果参与者的主要设备是盒子 (42.9%)、一次性电子烟 (20.2%) 和小烟 (36.9%)。大多数参与者 (65.5%) 表示不知道他们的主要设备瓦数。可重建/盒式主机的功率范围最大（11.1-120.0 W）； pod mod 功率也有很大差异（4.1–21.7 W）。与设备瓦数不同，大多数参与者 (95.2%) 报告知道他们的液体尼古丁浓度，范围为 3.0 至 86.9 mg/ml（M= 36.0，SD = 29.3）。不同产品的预测尼古丁通量差异很大（范围 =12.0–160.1 μg/s，M= 85.6 μg/s，SD = 34.3）。盒子模组在瓦数和预测的尼古丁通量、尼古丁产量和 TPM 产量方面具有最大的变异性。 结论 ECIG 设备和液体异质性影响尼古丁和其他有毒物质的排放。需要更好地测量 ECIG 设备和液体特性，以了解尼古丁和有毒物质的排放并为监管政策提供信息。意义 ECIG 设备和液体的异质性导致尼古丁通量和有毒物质排放的巨大变化。这些数据表明需要检查设备和液体特性，以制定基于经验的、促进健康的监管政策。政策可能包括制定产品标准，使 ECIG 产品不能 (1) 尼古丁通量远大于香烟的尼古丁通量，以降低依赖风险；(2) 尼古丁通量非常低，因此对吸烟者的吸引力极小，可作为青少年或非烟草使用者的入门产品；(3) 排放大量颗粒物和其他有毒物质。
IntroductionElectronic cigarettes (ECIGs) heat a nicotine-containing liquid to produce an inhalable aerosol. ECIG power (wattage) and liquid nicotine concentration are two factors that predict nicotine emission rate (“flux”). These factors can vary greatly across devices and users.Aims and MethodsThe purpose of this study was to examine ECIG device and liquid heterogeneity in “real world” settings and the association with predicted nicotine flux, nicotine yield, and total particulate matter (TPM) emissions. Past 30-day ECIG users (n= 84; mean age = 23.8 years [SD = 9.6]) reported device and liquid characteristics. Device power was measured via multimeter, device display screens, or obtained via labeling. Liquid nicotine concentration was obtained via labeling or through chemical analysis. Predicted nicotine flux, nicotine yield, and TPM associated with 10 4-second puffs were calculated for participants’ primary devices.ResultsParticipants’ primary devices were box mods (42.9%), disposable vapes (20.2%), and pod mods (36.9%). Most participants (65.5%) reported not knowing their primary device wattage. Rebuildable/box mods had the greatest power range (11.1–120.0 W); pod mod power also varied considerably (4.1–21.7 W). Unlike device wattage, most participants (95.2%) reported knowing their liquid nicotine concentration, which ranged from 3.0 to 86.9 mg/ml (M= 36.0, SD = 29.3). Predicted nicotine flux varied greatly across products (range =12.0–160.1 μg/s,M= 85.6 μg/s, SD = 34.3). Box mods had the greatest variability in wattage and predicted nicotine flux, nicotine yield, and TPM yield.ConclusionsECIG device and liquid heterogeneity influence nicotine and other toxicant emissions. Better measurement of ECIG device and liquid characteristics is needed to understand nicotine and toxicant emissions and to inform regulatory policy.ImplicationsECIG device and liquid heterogeneity cause great variability in nicotine flux and toxicants emitted. These data demonstrate the need to examine device and liquid characteristics to develop empirically informed, health-promoting regulatory policies. Policies may include setting product standards such that ECIG products cannot (1) have nicotine fluxes much greater than that of a cigarette to decrease the risk of dependence, (2) have nicotine fluxes that are very low and thus would have minimal appeal to cigarette smokers and may serve as starter products for youth or nontobacco users, and (3) emit large amounts of particulate matter and other toxicants.