Artificial Intelligence: Risks to Privacy and Democracy

Artificial Intelligence: Risks to Privacy and Democracy
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人工智能：隐私和民主的风险

DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Kaplan
L. Kaplan
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
Karl Manheim;L. Kaplan

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《经济学人》每年发布一次“民主指数”。2017年，世界上一半的国家得分低于前一年。这其中就包括美国，美国从“完全民主”被降级为“有缺陷的民主”。主要因素是“对政府和公共机构的信心受到侵蚀”。俄罗斯的干预和剑桥分析公司在2016年总统选举中操纵选民在很大程度上导致了公众的不满。 这类威胁将继续存在，人工智能（AI）工具的部署越来越多，以操纵民主的先决条件和杠杆。同样具有破坏性的是人工智能对决策和信息隐私的威胁。AI是大数据分析和物联网背后的引擎。在赋予消费者一些利益的同时，它们目前的主要功能是捕捉个人信息，创建详细的行为档案，并向我们出售商品和议程。隐私、匿名和自主性是人工智能在经济和政治决策中操纵选择能力的主要受害者。 前进的道路需要在国家一级更多地关注这些风险，并进行相应的监管。在没有人工智能的情况下，所有正在大力投资人工智能并从中获利的技术巨头不仅将主导公共话语，而且还将主导我们核心价值观和民主制度的未来。
A “Democracy Index” is published annually by the Economist. For 2017, it reported that half of the world’s countries scored lower than the previous year. This included the United States, which was demoted from “full democracy” to “flawed democracy.” The principal factor was “ero-sion of confidence in government and public institutions.” Interference by Russia and voter manipulation by Cambridge Analytica in the 2016 presi-dential election played a large part in that public disaffection. Threats of these kinds will continue, fueled by growing deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to manipulate the preconditions and levers of democracy. Equally destructive is AI’s threat to decisional and informa-tional privacy. AI is the engine behind Big Data Analytics and the Internet of Things. While conferring some consumer benefit, their principal function at present is to capture personal information, create detailed behavioral profiles and sell us goods and agendas. Privacy, anonymity and autonomy are the main casualties of AI’s ability to manipulate choices in economic and political decisions. The way forward requires greater attention to these risks at the nation-al level, and attendant regulation. In its absence, technology giants, all of whom are heavily investing in and profiting from AI, will dominate not only the public discourse, but also the future of our core values and democratic institutions.