What sets aeolian dune height?

What sets aeolian dune height?
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风成沙丘的高度是由什么决定的?

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-30031-1
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发表时间:
2022-05-03
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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只要一个松散的沙床受到足够强的风,风成沙丘就以可预测的波长和增长率形成。然而,随着沙丘的成熟和变粗,它们的生长轨迹变得更加独特;非线性效应、沉积物供应、风的变化和地质限制变得越来越相关,导致复杂和历史相关的沙丘合并。在这里,我们研究一个基本的问题:风成沙丘停止增长,如果是这样,是什么决定了他们的最终大小?地球上的主要沙海都是由巨大的沙丘组成的,这些沙丘已经进化了数万年。我们执行这些巨型沙丘的地形,及其相关的大气强迫和地质约束的全球性分析,我们进行数值实验,以了解沙丘生长的时间演变。我们没有发现以前提出的限制沙丘大小的大气边界层高度的证据。相反,我们的研究结果表明,原则上沙丘可能会无限增长,但增长取决于形态,随着规模的增加而放缓,并可能最终受到沙子供应的限制。巨型沙丘是令人惊叹的地貌,数千年来,随着风吹动沙粒而形成一定的图案,这是第一次在整个地球上进行测量。这些数据表明,原则上,沙丘的规模可以无限增长。
Wherever a loose bed of sand is subject to sufficiently strong winds, aeolian dunes form at predictable wavelengths and growth rates. As dunes mature and coarsen, however, their growth trajectories become more idiosyncratic; nonlinear effects, sediment supply, wind variability and geologic constraints become increasingly relevant, resulting in complex and history-dependent dune amalgamations. Here we examine a fundamental question: do aeolian dunes stop growing and, if so, what determines their ultimate size? Earth’s major sand seas are populated by giant sand dunes, evolved over tens of thousands of years. We perform a global analysis of the topography of these giant dunes, and their associated atmospheric forcings and geologic constraints, and we perform numerical experiments to gain insight on temporal evolution of dune growth. We find no evidence of a previously proposed limit to dune size by atmospheric boundary layer height. Rather, our findings indicate that dunes may grow indefinitely in principle; but growth depends on morphology, slows with increasing size, and may ultimately be limited by sand supply. Giant dunes—stunning landforms that grow in patterns as wind blows sand grains over thousands of years—are measured across the entire planet for the first time. With this data, it’s shown the dunes can, in principle, grow in scale indefinitely.
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