Leprosy in wild chimpanzees.
Leprosy in wild chimpanzees.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03968-4
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Leendertz FH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hockings KJ;Mubemba B;Avanzi C;Pleh K;Düx A;Bersacola E;Bessa J;Ramon M;Metzger S;Patrono LV;Jaffe JE;Benjak A;Bonneaud C;Busso P;Couacy-Hymann E;Gado M;Gagneux S;Johnson RC;Kodio M;Lynton-Jenkins J;Morozova I;Mätz-Rensing K;Regalla A;Said AR;Schuenemann VJ;Sow SO;Spencer JS;Ulrich M;Zoubi H;Cole ST;Wittig RM;Calvignac-Spencer S;Leendertz FH
人类被认为是麻风病的病原体麻风分枝杆菌的主要宿主，但其他哺乳动物，如九带犰狳和红松鼠，现在是维持宿主，也发生了溢出。虽然在圈养的非人灵长类动物中也描述了自然获得的麻风病，但感染的确切来源仍然不清楚。在这里，我们描述了麻风病样病变的两个野生种群的西部黑猩猩（黑猩猩verus）在Cantanhez国家公园，几内亚比绍和塔霍河国家公园，科特迪瓦，西非。对这两个人群的纵向监测显示，与晚期麻风病相一致的疾病症状的进展。粪便和尸检样本的筛选证实了麻风分枝杆菌作为每个位点的致病因子的存在，并且与来自人类和其他动物的其他菌株的基因组比较显示黑猩猩菌株属于不同的罕见基因型（4 N/O和2F）。这些发现表明，麻风分枝杆菌可能在比怀疑更多的野生动物中传播，无论是由于暴露于人类还是其他未知的环境来源。对几内亚比绍和科特迪瓦西部黑猩猩种群的监测显示，存在罕见和不同基因型的麻风分枝杆菌，这表明野生动物中的传播比以前认为的要大。
Humans are considered as the main host for Mycobacterium leprae, the aetiological agent of leprosy, but spillover has occurred to other mammals that are now maintenance hosts, such as nine-banded armadillos and red squirrels. Although naturally acquired leprosy has also been described in captive nonhuman primates, the exact origins of infection remain unclear. Here we describe leprosy-like lesions in two wild populations of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau and Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Longitudinal monitoring of both populations revealed the progression of disease symptoms compatible with advanced leprosy. Screening of faecal and necropsy samples confirmed the presence of M. leprae as the causative agent at each site and phylogenomic comparisons with other strains from humans and other animals show that the chimpanzee strains belong to different and rare genotypes (4N/O and 2F). These findings suggest that M. leprae may be circulating in more wild animals than suspected, either as a result of exposure to humans or other unknown environmental sources. Monitoring of western chimpanzee populations in Guinea-Bissau and Côte d’Ivoire reveals the presence of rare and different genotypes of Mycobacterium leprae, suggesting greater circulation in wild animals than previously thought.