Subaltern geopolitics and the post-colonial Commonwealth, 1965-1990
Subaltern geopolitics and the post-colonial Commonwealth, 1965-1990
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底层地缘政治和后殖民英联邦，1965-1990
DOI：
10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.04.003
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Craggs R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craggs R
在1965年至1990年期间，英联邦--一个从大英帝国非殖民化中产生的独立国家联盟--发挥了越来越积极的作用，专注于种族和社会正义，并发展新的次级政治文化。本文利用英联邦秘书处和英联邦政府内部政治家和外交官的大量新口述历史，重点关注1965年英联邦秘书处成立后的时期。本文认为，英联邦的政治机构充当了“底层地缘政治”的网站（夏普，2011年，2013年），通过关注特定的实践，网络和地方，通过产生替代地缘政治，大大发展了这一想法。它对下级地缘政治学和更广泛的政治地理学的概念化做出了四个重要贡献。首先，在关注政治行动者的具体做法时，本文充实了替代地缘政治项目付诸实践的平凡，偶然，混乱，有时甚至是矛盾的方式。其次，本文强调了社会和情感关系--如友谊和熟悉--在地缘政治中的作用。第三，它阐明了需要注意的具体历史和地理的基础上的政治行动，认为网络和空间，其中主要的英联邦领导人嵌入加强，使建设后殖民英联邦地缘政治。第四，也是最后，本文论证了口述历史证据在政治地理学、外交学和国际关系等跨学科研究中的方法论价值。
Between 1965 and 1990, the Commonwealth - an association of independent states emerging out of the decolonisation of the British Empire - took on an increasingly activist role focusing on racial and social justice and developing new subaltern (geo) political cultures. Drawing on a rich collection of new oral histories with politicians and diplomats from within the Commonwealth Secretariat and Commonwealth governments, this article focuses on the period after the formation of the Commonwealth Secretariat in 1965. The paper argues that the political institutions of the Commonwealth acted as a site for ‘subaltern geopolitics’ (Sharp, 2011, 2013), substantially developing this idea through a focus on the specific practices, networks, and places through which an alternative geopolitics was produced. It makes four important contributions to the conceptualisation of subaltern geopolitics and to political geography more broadly. First, in focusing on the specific practices of political actors, the paper fleshes out the mundane, fortuitous, messy, and sometimes-contradictory ways in which alternative geopolitical projects were put into practice. Second, the paper highlights the role of social and affective relations – such as those of friendship and familiarity - in geopolitics. Third, it illuminates the need to pay attention to the specific histories and geographies that underpin political action, arguing that the networks and spaces within which key Commonwealth leaders were embedded reinforced and enabled the construction of a post-colonial Commonwealth geopolitics. Fourth, and finally, the paper demonstrates the methodological value of oral history evidence for interdisciplinary research in political geography, diplomacy and international relations.