Self-establishing communities enable cooperative metabolite exchange in a eukaryote
Self-establishing communities enable cooperative metabolite exchange in a eukaryote
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.09943
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发表时间：
2015-10-26
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Ralser, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Kate;Vowinckel, Jakob;Ralser, Markus
共同生长的细胞之间的代谢物交换在本质上是频繁的，然而，不一定以指示非细胞自主代谢功能的生长相关量发生。酿酒酵母氨基酸和核苷酸代谢的互补营养缺陷型在共培养时经常不能补偿彼此的缺陷，这种情况意味着不存在生长相关的代谢物交换相互作用。相比之下，我们发现酵母菌落保持丰富的外代谢物组，并且细胞更喜欢吸收细胞外代谢物而不是自我合成，这是正在进行的代谢物交换的指标。我们设想了一个系统，该系统避开了共培养，并从一个自我支持的细胞开始，该细胞自主生长成一个异质群落，只能通过交换组氨酸、亮氨酸、尿嘧啶和甲硫氨酸来生存。补偿原生营养的逐渐丧失，自我建立的社区成功地获得营养缺陷型组合物的营养依赖性的方式，保持野生型一样的外代谢组，生长参数和细胞活力。酵母，作为一种真核生物模型，因此具有广泛的能力，生长相关的代谢物交换，并容易合作，逐步建立社区内的代谢。
Metabolite exchange among co-growing cells is frequent by nature, however, is not necessarily occurring at growth-relevant quantities indicative of non-cell-autonomous metabolic function. Complementary auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae amino acid and nucleotide metabolism regularly fail to compensate for each other's deficiencies upon co-culturing, a situation which implied the absence of growth-relevant metabolite exchange interactions. Contrastingly, we find that yeast colonies maintain a rich exometabolome and that cells prefer the uptake of extracellular metabolites over self-synthesis, indicators of ongoing metabolite exchange. We conceived a system that circumvents co-culturing and begins with a self-supporting cell that grows autonomously into a heterogeneous community, only able to survive by exchanging histidine, leucine, uracil, and methionine. Compensating for the progressive loss of prototrophy, self-establishing communities successfully obtained an auxotrophic composition in a nutrition-dependent manner, maintaining a wild-type like exometabolome, growth parameters, and cell viability. Yeast, as a eukaryotic model, thus possesses extensive capacity for growth-relevant metabolite exchange and readily cooperates in metabolism within progressively establishing communities.