Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00108-019-00685-z
复制
发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Heyckendorf, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lange, Christoph;Kalsdorf, Barbara;Heyckendorf, Jan
结核病是一种细菌性传染病，通常通过吸入含有细菌的飞沫传播。世界卫生组织（WHO）估计，2017年约有1000万患者新诊断为结核病。快速诊断依赖于影像学和微生物、分子和免疫学（很少）测试的结合。基因型方法能够实现早期诊断，并能够高度准确地预测耐药性。表型（基于培养）方法是诊断的金标准。泛药物敏感性肺结核患者的标准治疗包括利福平、异烟肼、乙胺丁醇和吡嗪酰胺联合治疗2个月，然后再用利福平和异烟肼治疗4个月，治愈率> 80%。通过个体化治疗方案，耐多药结核病患者可以实现类似的治愈率。
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease that is usually transmitted by inhalation of droplets containing the bacteria. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 10 million patients were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2017. Rapid diagnosis relies on a combination of imaging and microbiological, molecular, and, rarely, immunological tests. Genotypic methods enable early diagnosis and allow highly accurate prediction of drug resistance. Phenotypic (culture-based) methods are the diagnostic gold standard. Standard management of patients with pan drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis includes a combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide for 2 months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for additional 4 months, which leads to cure rates of >80%. With individualized treatment schemes, similar cure rates can be achieved for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.