The national risk index: establishing a nationwide baseline for natural hazard risk in the US
The national risk index: establishing a nationwide baseline for natural hazard risk in the US
复制标题
国家风险指数：建立美国自然灾害风险的全国基线
作者：
C. Zuzak;Matthew Mowrer;Emily Goodenough;J. Burns;Nicholas Ranalli;J. Rozelle
由联邦应急管理局开发的国家风险指数提供了美国50个州和华盛顿特区社区一级自然灾害风险的相对测量。该指数利用权威的全国数据集，乘以风险敞口、年化频率和历史损失率的值，得出18种灾害类型的预期年度损失估计，并将该指标与社会脆弱性和社区复原力评分相结合，生成每个人口普查区和县的风险指数评分。分数提供了一个全面的和可比较的衡量风险在美国各地。风险评分和基础数据汇总在自定义Web应用程序中。使用地理和统计处理技术来协调输入数据集的空间和时间收集之间的不兼容性。该索引是采用多学科协作方法以及跨学科专题专家和目标用户的投入编制的。国家风险指数建立在以前为广大地区制定多种灾害风险计量办法的基础上，扩大了所考虑的灾害类型的数量，采用广泛的风险计量技术，将各种数据集联合收割机结合起来，并将传统风险因素与社会脆弱性和社区复原力等社区风险因素结合起来，以增强全国范围的风险状况。
The National Risk Index developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency provides a relative measurement of community-level natural hazard risk across 50 US states and Washington, DC. The Index leverages authoritative nationwide datasets and multiplies values for exposure, annualized frequency, and historic loss ratio to derive expected annual loss estimates for 18 hazard types and combines this metric with Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience scores to generate Risk Index scores for every Census tract and county. Scores provide a holistic and comparable measure of risk across the US. Risk scores and underlying data are summarized in a custom web application. Geographical and statistical processing techniques were used to reconcile incompatibilities between the spatial and temporal collection of input datasets. The index was developed using a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach and input from subject matter experts across disciplines and target users. The National Risk Index builds upon previous efforts to develop a multi-hazard risk measurement for a large geography by expanding the number of hazard types considered, applying extensive geoprocessing techniques to combine diverse datasets, and combining traditional risk factors with the community risk factors of social vulnerability and community resilience for an enhanced nationwide picture of risk.
DOI：
10.18356/f4ae4888-en
发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR)
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