A Metagenomic Approach to Cyanobacterial Genomics.
A Metagenomic Approach to Cyanobacterial Genomics.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2017.00809
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Varani AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alvarenga DO;Fiore MF;Varani AM
蓝细菌，或oxyphotobacteria，是主要生产者，建立与各种生物的生态相互作用。虽然它们与真核生物的关系受到了最多的关注，但与细菌和古细菌共生体的相互作用也已经发生了数十亿年。由于这些关联，获得蓝藻的纯培养物通常是困难的，并且大多数分离努力导致含有许多关联微生物的单蓝藻培养物，因此构成微生物聚生体。随着气候变化导致蓝藻水华数量的增加，对这些微生物基因组评估的需求也在增加。然而，标准的基因组技术要求对纯培养物进行测序，这种方法不仅增加了数月甚至数年的培养纯化时间，而且对于某些蓝藻似乎是不可能的，这反映在该门的公开可用基因组序列数量相对较少。另一方面，在宏基因组学的框架下，可以绕过实现无菌生长的繁琐技术，并且可以成功地从微生物聚生体中获得单个基因组。本文综述了非纯性蓝藻培养物的基因组和宏基因组评估方法，这些方法绕过了无菌性的要求。这些方法使研究人员能够实现更快，成本更低的蓝藻菌株的基因组特征，并提出有关其相关微生物的额外信息。虽然非纯培养物可能以前在蓝藻学中不受欢迎，但宏基因组学的最新进展为oxyphotobacteria的体外研究提供了新的可能性，更新了微生物聚生体作为快速评估水华形成蓝藻的可靠和功能性资源的价值。
Cyanobacteria, or oxyphotobacteria, are primary producers that establish ecological interactions with a wide variety of organisms. Although their associations with eukaryotes have received most attention, interactions with bacterial and archaeal symbionts have also been occurring for billions of years. Due to these associations, obtaining axenic cultures of cyanobacteria is usually difficult, and most isolation efforts result in unicyanobacterial cultures containing a number of associated microbes, hence composing a microbial consortium. With rising numbers of cyanobacterial blooms due to climate change, demand for genomic evaluations of these microorganisms is increasing. However, standard genomic techniques call for the sequencing of axenic cultures, an approach that not only adds months or even years for culture purification, but also appears to be impossible for some cyanobacteria, which is reflected in the relatively low number of publicly available genomic sequences of this phylum. Under the framework of metagenomics, on the other hand, cumbersome techniques for achieving axenic growth can be circumvented and individual genomes can be successfully obtained from microbial consortia. This review focuses on approaches for the genomic and metagenomic assessment of non-axenic cyanobacterial cultures that bypass requirements for axenity. These methods enable researchers to achieve faster and less costly genomic characterizations of cyanobacterial strains and raise additional information about their associated microorganisms. While non-axenic cultures may have been previously frowned upon in cyanobacteriology, latest advancements in metagenomics have provided new possibilities for in vitro studies of oxyphotobacteria, renewing the value of microbial consortia as a reliable and functional resource for the rapid assessment of bloom-forming cyanobacteria.