Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles
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DOI：
10.1093/ndt/gfs168
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Camussi, Giovanni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biancone, Luigi;Bruno, Stefania;Camussi, Giovanni
多项研究表明，在不同的实验模型中，间充质干细胞具有通过旁分泌机制逆转急性和慢性肾损伤的能力。这种旁分泌作用至少部分是由于间充质干细胞释放的微囊泡（mv）导致mRNA、microRNA和蛋白质的水平转移。MVs作为外泌体从内体室释放，或作为脱落囊泡从细胞表面释放，现在被认为是细胞间微环境的一个组成部分。作为信息传递的载体，mv在细胞间通信中起着关键作用。这种受伤细胞和干细胞之间的信息交换可能是双向的。因此，mv可以将转录本从受损细胞转移到干细胞，导致其表型重编程以获得组织的特定特征，或者相反，转录本可以从干细胞转移到受损细胞，抑制组织损伤并诱导驻留细胞的细胞周期重新进入，从而导致组织自我修复。在给予治疗方案后，MVs在各种实验模型中通过抑制细胞凋亡和刺激细胞增殖来模拟间充质干细胞的作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了从间充质干细胞释放的mv是否有潜力在再生医学的新治疗方法中被利用来修复受损组织，作为干细胞治疗的替代方案。
Several studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to reverse acute and chronic kidney injury in different experimental models by paracrine mechanisms. This paracrine action may be accounted for, at least in part, by microvesicles (MVs) released from mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in a horizontal transfer of mRNA, microRNA and proteins. MVs, released as exosomes from the endosomal compartment, or as shedding vesicles from the cell surface, are now recognized as being an integral component of the intercellular microenvironment. By acting as vehicles for information transfer, MVs play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication. This exchange of information between the injured cells and stem cells has the potential to be bi-directional. Thus, MVs may either transfer transcripts from injured cells to stem cells, resulting in reprogramming of their phenotype to acquire specific features of the tissue, or conversely, transcripts could be transferred from stem cells to injured cells, restraining tissue injury and inducing cell cycle re-entry of resident cells, leading to tissue self-repair. Upon administration with a therapeutic regimen, MVs mimic the effect of mesenchymal stem cells in various experimental models by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss whether MVs released from mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to be exploited in novel therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues, as an alternative to stem cell-based therapy.