Not all shrivels are created equal - morpho-anatomical and compositional characteristics differ among different shrivel types that develop during ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries.
Not all shrivels are created equal - morpho-anatomical and compositional characteristics differ among different shrivel types that develop during ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries.
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DOI：
10.4236/ajps.2012.37105
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Keller, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bondada, B. R.;Keller, M.
了解与非生物胁迫引发的水果成熟相关的生理障碍依赖于解剖学和物理化学分析，因为它提供了对其起源和可能原因的见解。对不同成熟障碍类型的葡萄属葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）浆果通过解剖他们的形态解剖学，枯萎的性质，和组成。四个明确定义的疾病晒伤，长期脱水（PD），晚季节串茎坏死（LBSN），浆果皱缩（BS）进行了分析，在现场种植的葡萄品种赤霞珠。在成熟之前发生的早期束茎坏死（EBSN）也包括在研究中。不像健康的球形浆果，果皮的混乱浆果，除了晒伤萎缩造成伴随减少鲜重和体积。PD浆果的外果皮发展良好有序的压痕，不同于在LBSN浆果的皱纹，而BS浆果松弛与许多皮肤褶皱。表皮蜡以直立的小片形式出现在所有的皱缩形式中，除了太阳暴露的被晒伤的浆果半球。一个叶绿素花序框架坚持在所有的枯萎形式，但在LBSN，其中坏死的地区发达的侵积。与健康、晒伤和PD浆果的半透明中果皮不同，BS和LBSN浆果的中果皮塌陷，但都具有发育良好的种子。健康浆果的组成是最佳的，而无序浆果的组成彼此不同，这作为一个整体不同于健康浆果。BS浆果具有最低的糖含量，并且尽管LBSN、晒伤和PD浆果中的糖浓度较高，但健康浆果中每个浆果的糖量最高，己糖也是如此。健康和BS浆果表现出最高量的酒石酸，其次是晒伤和PD浆果，而LBSN浆果具有最低值。相反，健康和PD浆果具有最高量的苹果酸，其次是LBSN、晒伤和BS浆果，它们共同显示出相似的量。PD浆果表现出最高的钙含量，其次是LBSN，健康，最后是BS和晒伤的浆果。浆果的钾含量与pH值呈线性关系。PD浆果的K含量最高，其次是健康、晒伤、LBSN和BS浆果。总体而言，这里报告的结果提供了在一个单一的生长季节发生的不同类型的皱缩形态解剖和成分分析相结合。需要进行这种分析，以便在了解这些成熟障碍方面取得进展，最终制定补救措施。
An understanding of physiological disorders associated with ripening of fruits triggered by abiotic stress relies on anatomical and physico-chemical analyses, as it provide insights into their origin and probable causes. The objective of this study was to analyze different ripening disorders of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries by dissecting their morpho-anatomy, shriveling nature, and composition. Four well-defined disorders-sunburn, prolonged dehydration (PD), late-season bunch stem necrosis (LBSN), and berry shrivel (BS) were analyzed in field-grown grapevines of the cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. Early bunch stem necrosis (EBSN) that occurred before ripening was also included in the study. Unlike healthy spherical berries, the pericarp of disordered berries except for sunburn shriveled causing concomitant reductions in fresh weight and volume. The exocarp of PD berries developed well-ordered indentations as distinct from the wrinkles in LBSN berries, whereas BS berries were flaccid with numerous skin folds. The epicuticular wax occurred as upright platelets in all shrivel forms excluding the sun-exposed hemisphere of sunburned berries. A chlorophyllous inflorescence framework persisted in all shrivel forms but in LBSN, wherein the necrotic regions developed tylosis. Unlike the translucent mesocarp of healthy, sunburned, and PD berries, the mesocarp was collapsed in BS and LBSN berries, nevertheless all had well-developed seeds. The composition of healthy berries was optimal, whereas the disordered berries were compositionally distinct from each other, which as a whole differed from the healthy berries. The BS berries had the lowest sugar content, and although sugar concentration was higher in LBSN, sunburned and PD berries, sugar amount per berry was highest in the healthy berries, the same was true for hexoses. Healthy and BS berries exhibited highest amounts of tartaric acid followed by sunburn and PD berries, whereas the LBSN berries had the lowest values. Conversely, healthy and PD berries had the highest amounts of malic acid followed by LBSN, sunburn and BS berries, which collectively displayed similar amounts. The PD berries exhibited the highest calcium content followed by LBSN, healthy, and finally BS and sunburned berries. A linear relationship existed between potassium (K) and pH of the berries. The PD berries had the highest amounts of K followed by healthy, sunburn, LBSN, and BS berries. Overall, the results reported here provided combined morpho-anatomical and compositional analyses of different shrivel types that occurred during a single growing season. Such analysis is needed to make a progress on understanding these ripening disorders culminating in the development of remedial measures.