The neural underpinnings of how reward associations can both guide and misguide attention.
The neural underpinnings of how reward associations can both guide and misguide attention.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0732-11.2011
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发表时间：
2011-06-29
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Woldorff MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Krebs RM;Boehler CN;Egner T;Woldorff MG
虽然人们普遍认为奖励是一种有效的行为激励因素，但人们对奖励关联产生的潜在成本知之甚少。在这里，我们使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究人类奖励调制Stroop任务中与奖励相关的表现干扰效应的神经基础。虽然任务相关维度中的奖励关联（即，墨水颜色）促进了表现，当任务无关维度（即，字面意思）隐含地指的是奖励预测墨水颜色。在神经学上，只有相关的奖励关联才会在丘脑核（NAcc）中引起典型的奖励-预期反应，这反过来又预示着行为促进。相比之下，不相关的奖励协会增加活动的内侧前额叶运动控制相关的区域，即前补充运动区（前SMA），这可能反映了抢占和抑制的自动反应倾向，放大了不相关的奖励相关的话。这一观点得到了进一步支持的前SMA活动和显着的反应放缓，在试验中包含奖励相关相比，奖励无关的不一致的话之间的正相关关系。重要的是，奖励协会的有益和有害的行为影响相关的不同的神经过程似乎出现在两个刺激维度共享的视觉处理区域中的偏好编码机制，这表明奖励相关的显着性转移到无关的维度，但具有高度差异的行为和神经分支。更一般地说，数据表明，即使是完全不相关的奖励协会可以影响刺激处理和反应选择路径相对自动，从而代表了奖励驱动的性能增强的一个重要的反面。
While it is commonly accepted that reward is an effective motivator of behavior, little is known about potential costs resulting from reward associations. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural underpinnings of such reward-related performance-disrupting effects in a reward-modulated Stroop task in humans. While reward associations in the task-relevant dimension (i.e., ink color) facilitated performance, behavioral detriments were found when the task-irrelevant dimension (i.e., word meaning) implicitly referred to reward-predictive ink colors. Neurally, only relevant reward associations invoked a typical reward-anticipation response in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), which was in turn predictive of behavioral facilitation. In contrast, irrelevant reward associations increased activity in a medial prefrontal motor-control-related region, namely the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), which likely reflects the preemption and inhibition of automatic response tendencies that are amplified by irrelevant reward-related words. This view was further supported by a positive relationship between pre-SMA activity and pronounced response slowing in trials containing reward-related as compared to reward-unrelated incongruent words. Importantly, the distinct neural processes related to the beneficial and detrimental behavioral effects of reward associations appeared to arise from preferential-coding mechanisms in visual-processing areas that were shared by the two stimulus dimensions, suggesting a transfer of reward-related saliency to the irrelevant dimension, but with highly differential behavioral and neural ramifications. More generally, the data demonstrate that even entirely irrelevant reward associations can influence stimulus-processing and response-selection pathways relatively automatically, thereby representing an important flip-side of reward-driven performance enhancements.