A Phosphonate Natural Product Made by Pantoea ananatis is Necessary and Sufficient for the Hallmark Lesions of Onion Center Rot.
A Phosphonate Natural Product Made by Pantoea ananatis is Necessary and Sufficient for the Hallmark Lesions of Onion Center Rot.
复制标题
由Pantoea ananatis生产的膦酸酯天然产物对于洋葱中心腐病的标志性病变是必需的且足够的。
DOI：
10.1128/mbio.03402-20
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发表时间：
2021-02-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Metcalf WW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Polidore ALA;Furiassi L;Hergenrother PJ;Metcalf WW
小菜蛾是一种重要的植物病原菌，以许多重要作物为目标，由于缺乏有效的治疗方法来防止其传播，这一问题变得更加复杂。我们确定潘塔磷是洋葱中心腐烂的关键毒力因子，这表明可以采用多种方法来解决这种重大的植物病害。洋葱中心腐烂的主要原因是洋葱褐腐病。遗传数据表明，一种磷酸天然产物是发病所必需的；然而，该分子的性质尚不清楚。在这里，我们证明了Pananatis至少产生三种磷酸盐，其中两种经过纯化和结构表征。第一个被指定为泛磷磷，被证明是2-(羟基[膦]甲基)马来酸；第二个，可能是生物合成的前体，被证明是2-(膦甲基)马来酸。提纯的潘多磷对于洋葱中心腐烂的标志性病变是必要的，也是充分的。此外，在对芥菜幼苗进行测试时，潘塔磷的植物毒性活性与广泛使用的除草剂草甘膦和草甘膦相当。Pantaphos对多种人类细胞株也有活性，但对胶质母细胞瘤细胞的毒性明显更大。在对各种细菌和真菌进行测试时，Pantaphos几乎没有显示出活性。
Pantoea ananatis is a significant plant pathogen that targets a number of important crops, a problem that is compounded by the absence of effective treatments to prevent its spread. Our identification of pantaphos as the key virulence factor in onion center rot suggests a variety of approaches that could be employed to address this significant plant disease. Pantoea ananatis is the primary cause of onion center rot. Genetic data suggest that a phosphonic acid natural product is required for pathogenesis; however, the nature of the molecule is unknown. Here, we show that P. ananatis produces at least three phosphonates, two of which were purified and structurally characterized. The first, designated pantaphos, was shown to be 2-(hydroxy[phosphono]methyl)maleate; the second, a probable biosynthetic precursor, was shown to be 2-(phosphonomethyl)maleate. Purified pantaphos is both necessary and sufficient for the hallmark lesions of onion center rot. Moreover, when tested against mustard seedlings, the phytotoxic activity of pantaphos was comparable to the widely used herbicides glyphosate and phosphinothricin. Pantaphos was also active against a variety of human cell lines but was significantly more toxic to glioblastoma cells. Pantaphos showed little activity when tested against a variety of bacteria and fungi.