The ichnogenus Tubotomaculum: an enigmatic pellet-filled structure from Upper Cretaceous to Miocene deep-marine deposits of southern Spain
The ichnogenus Tubotomaculum: an enigmatic pellet-filled structure from Upper Cretaceous to Miocene deep-marine deposits of southern Spain
复制标题
ichnogenus Tubotomaculum：西班牙南部上白垩纪至中新世深海沉积物的神秘颗粒填充结构
DOI：
10.1666/13-123
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
F. Rodríguez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. García;M. Mángano;Laura Piñuela;L. Buatois;F. Rodríguez
摘要遗迹化石名称Tubotomaculum被广泛用于指地中海西部地区上白垩统至中新世深海沉积中存在的纺锤形颗粒充填管。然而，它从未被正式诊断，因此被认为是一种名义裸体。在这篇文章中，我们正式介绍了遗迹属Tubotomaculum，包括新的遗迹种Tubotomaculum Mediterranensis。生物符号，由可能出现在结构的底部和侧面的划痕表示，表明是甲壳类动物产生的。这些结构的功能意义对采矿战略的简单模型提出了挑战。相反，建议储存颗粒，以便在有机碎屑稀缺的时候将其用作细菌丰富的资源。在现代类似的Tubotomaculum中与化学自噬细菌的联系为支持CACHE模型提供了关键的证据。来自现代环境的信息和化石记录的综合表明，管状堆积体、泥火山作用、流体喷发和碳氢化合物渗漏之间存在联系。生物雕像的存在表明，坚固的土地可能是底流对海洋沉积物的冲刷，导致先前埋藏的压实沉积物被侵蚀剥离，因此可以被无脊椎动物殖民。然而，另一种情景涉及与泥火山作用有关的丰富流体，导致有利于碳酸盐沉淀和在沉积物-水界面下方几厘米处形成结核的条件减少。
Abstract The trace-fossil name Tubotomaculum has been extensively used to refer to spindle-shaped pellet-filled tubes present in Upper Cretaceous to Miocene deep-marine deposits of the western Mediterranean region. However, it has never been formally diagnosed, and accordingly it was regarded as a nomen nudum. In this paper, we formally introduce the ichnogenus Tubotomaculum, including the new ichnospecies Tubotomaculum mediterranensis. Bioglyphs, represented by scratch traces that may be present on the basal and lateral surfaces of the structure, suggesting production by crustaceans. The functional meaning of these structures challenges the simple model of a mining strategy. Instead, the storing of pellets to use them as a bacteria-enriched resource during times when organic detritus was scarce is suggested. The association with chemoautothrophic bacteria in modern analogs of Tubotomaculum provides a crucial piece of evidence to support the cache model. Integration of information from modern environments and the fossil record points to a connection between Tubotomaculum, mud volcanism, fluid venting, and hydrocarbon seeps. The presence of bioglyphs suggests firmgrounds that may have resulted from bottom current scouring of the sea sediment, leading to erosional exhumation of previously buried compacted sediment, which was therefore available for colonization by the infauna. However, an alternative scenario involves enriched fluids related to mud-volcanism resulting in reducing conditions that favored carbonate precipitation and nodule formation just a few centimeters below the sediment-water interface.