Evolution of the 2015/16 El Niño and historical perspective since 1979
Evolution of the 2015/16 El Niño and historical perspective since 1979
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DOI：
10.1007/s11430-016-0106-9
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发表时间：
2017-09
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Xue;Arun Kumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Xue;Arun Kumar
2015/16年厄尔尼诺现象是在2014年底的弱温暖条件下发展起来的，NINO3.4在2015年11月达到3oC。我们使用各种数据集描述了2015/16年厄尔尼诺现象的演变特征，包括海温、表面风、出射长波辐射和集合业务海洋再分析的次表层温度，并将该事件置于1979年以来历史ENSO事件的背景下。关于的显着特征 2015/16厄尔尼诺现象是大量西风爆发和下降的海洋开尔文波（DWKV）。 2015 年 4 月至 11 月观测到的四次 DWKV 引发并加剧了太平洋中东部变暖。春季/夏季，与 DWKV 相关的东向纬向流异常将温暖的池水向东平流输送。 2015 年 11 月上旬出现了上升开尔文波 (UWKV)，导致该事件迅速下降。另一个突出特点是NINO4达到了历史最高值（1.7℃），比1982/83（1997/98）厄尔尼诺高1℃（0.8℃）。虽然NINO3与1982/83年和1997/98年厄尔尼诺现象相当，但NINO1+2要弱得多。一致地，增强对流向西偏移20度，D20距平最大值约为1997年和1982年南美洲西海岸附近的1/3−1/2。
The 2015/16 El Niño developed from weak warm conditions in late 2014 and NINO3.4 reached 3oC in November 2015. We describe the characteristics of the evolution of the 2015/16 El Niño using various data sets including SST, surface winds, outgoing longwave radiation and subsurface temperature from an ensemble operational ocean reanalyses, and place this event in the context of historical ENSO events since 1979. One salient feature about the 2015/16 El Niño was a large number of westerly wind bursts and downwelling oceanic Kelvin waves (DWKVs). Four DWKVs were observed in April-November 2015 that initiated and enhanced the eastern-central Pacific warming. Eastward zonal current anomalies associated with DWKVs advected the warm pool water eastward in spring/summer. An upwelling Kelvin wave (UWKV) emerged in early November 2015 leading to a rapid decline of the event. Another outstanding feature was that NINO4 reached a historical high (1.7oC), which was 1oC (0.8oC) higher than that of the 1982/83 (1997/98) El Niño. Although NINO3 was comparable to that of the 1982/83 and 1997/98 El Niño, NINO1+2 was much weaker. Consistently, enhanced convection was displaced 20 degree westward, and the maximum D20 anomaly was about 1/3−1/2 of that in 1997 and 1982 near the west coast of South America.