Distinct autophagy-inducing abilities of similar-sized nanoparticles in cell culture and live C-elegans
Distinct autophagy-inducing abilities of similar-sized nanoparticles in cell culture and live C-elegans
复制标题
细胞培养物和活线虫中相似大小的纳米颗粒具有独特的自噬诱导能力
作者：
Wang Qin;Zhou Yanfeng;Fu Rong;Zhu Yi;Song Bin;Zhong Yiling;Wu Sicong;Shi Yu;Wu Yanyan;Su Yuanyuan;Zhang Huimin;He Yao
纳米材料诱导的自噬引起了越来越多的关注。各种各样的纳米材料，无论是传统的还是最近出现的，都具有诱导自噬的能力。因此，人们普遍认为，细胞在接触纳米材料时，自噬的诱导是一种常见的反应。为了阐明纳米材料诱导自噬的“纳米尺度”是否是纳米材料诱导自噬的决定因素，我们利用体外培养的细胞和体内秀丽隐杆线虫（C. elegans）模型系统地研究了纳米材料诱导自噬的能力。我们选择了四种具有代表性的纳米材料，即硅纳米粒子（SiNPs）， CdTe量子点（QDs），碳点（cd）和金纳米粒子（AuNPs）。我们证明，与大多数其他测试的纳米材料不同，在SiNP处理的培养细胞或活秀丽隐杆线虫中没有检测到自噬体的形成。在SiNPs处理后，细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫中自噬相关基因的表达和LGG-1/LC3的脂化也保持不变。此外，纳米材料诱导自噬的能力似乎与引起亚细胞细胞器损伤的能力相关。总之，我们的研究表明，在体外或体内，在选定的模式生物和细胞系中，SiNPs不会诱导自噬，从而澄清了“纳米级”尺寸不是纳米材料诱导自噬的决定因素。结果还表明，大多数纳米材料的自噬诱导能力可能仅仅是它们对细胞结构有害影响的一种反映。
Nanomaterial-induced autophagy has raised increasing concerns. A variety of nanomaterials, conventional or recently emerged, have the capability of inducing autophagy. As a consequence, it is becoming a popular belief that induction of autophagy is a common response of cells upon exposure to nanoscale materials. In order to clarify whether the “nanoscale” size is the determining factor for the nanomaterials to induce autophagy, we utilized in vitro cultured cells and an in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model to systemically investigate the autophagy-inducing ability of nanomaterials. We selected four types of representative nanomaterials with similar sizes, namely silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), CdTe quantum dots (QDs), carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We demonstrated that, unlike most other nanomaterials tested, no autophagosome formation was detected in cultured cells or in live C. elegans with SiNP treatment. The expression of autophagy-related genes and the lipidation of LGG-1/LC3 in cells and C. elegans also remained unchanged after the treatment of SiNPs. In addition, the ability of the nanomaterials to induce autophagy appeared to correlate with those to incur subcellular organelle damage. Together, our studies demonstrate that SiNPs do not induce autophagy in vitro or in vivo in the selected model organisms and cell lines, thus clarifying that the “nanoscale” size is not the determining factor for the nanomaterials to induce autophagy. The results also suggest that the autophagy-inducing ability of most nanomaterials could be merely a reflection of their detrimental effect on cellular structures.