Citizen science for hydrological risk reduction and resilience building
Citizen science for hydrological risk reduction and resilience building
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DOI：
10.1002/wat2.1262
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Supper, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul, Jonathan D.;Buytaert, Wouter;Supper, Robert
在灾害风险管理方面，人们注意到一种新的转变，即从大规模的、自上而下的评估转向更具参与性的、基于社区的、自下而上的方法。可以说，非科学家的地方利益攸关方一直在水文背景下的知识风险管理和复原力建设中发挥着重要作用，如洪水应对和干旱缓解。然而，互联网、智能手机和社交媒体等迅速发展的信息和通信技术已经显示出其巨大潜力，可以使知识创造更加多方向、分散、多样化和包容。结合技术的强大和低成本的传感器网络，“公民科学”的方法最近出现了一个有前途的方向，在提供广泛的，实时的信息，风险管理。如果社区支持，如果项目的目的在一开始就明确界定，如果所有参与者和利益攸关方的动机和技能都得到充分理解，这些项目就会取得最佳效果。它们在促进知识创造方面具有巨大潜力，不仅在数据收集方面，而且在分析或解释方面。此外，它们还可以作为一种手段，教育和增强那些被更传统的知识生成过程所忽略的社区和利益攸关方的能力。在这里，我们回顾了国家的最先进的公民科学的水文风险降低和恢复力建设的背景下。特别是当嵌入到一个多中心的方法对风险治理，我们认为，公民科学可以补充更多的传统知识产生的做法，也加强创新，适应，多方向的信息提供，风险管理和当地的韧性建设。(C)2017作者WIREs Water出版社：Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
In disaster risk management (DRM), an emerging shift has been noted from broad-scale, top-down assessments toward more participatory, community-based, bottom-up approaches. Arguably, nonscientist local stakeholders have always played an important role in knowledge risk management and resilience building within a hydrological context, such as flood response and drought alleviation. However, rapidly developing information and communication technologies such as the Internet, smartphones, and social media have already demonstrated their sizeable potential to make knowledge creation more multidirectional, decentralized, diverse, and inclusive. Combined with technologies for robust and low-cost sensor networks, a 'citizen science' approach has recently emerged as a promising direction in the provision of extensive, real-time information for risk management. Such projects work best when there is community buy-in, when their purpose(s) are clearly defined at the outset, and when the motivations and skillsets of all participants and stakeholders are well understood. They have great potential to enhance knowledge creation, not only for data collection, but also for analysis or interpretation. In addition, they can serve as a means of educating and empowering communities and stakeholders that are bypassed by more traditional knowledge generation processes. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of citizen science within the context of hydrological risk reduction and resilience building. Particularly when embedded within a polycentric approach toward risk governance, we argue that citizen science could complement more traditional knowledge generation practices, and also enhance innovation, adaptation, multidirectional information provision, risk management, and local resilience building. (C) 2017 The Authors. WIREs Water published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.