Microbial metabolisms in a 2.5-km-deep ecosystem created by hydraulic fracturing in shales
Microbial metabolisms in a 2.5-km-deep ecosystem created by hydraulic fracturing in shales
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DOI：
10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.146
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
28.3
通讯作者：
Wrighton, Kelly C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daly, Rebecca A.;Borton, Mikayla A.;Wrighton, Kelly C.
水力压裂是从页岩地层中提取碳氢化合物的行业标准。这一过程的经济效益和环境影响已经引起了人们的关注，但对地下深层引起的生物地球化学变化却知之甚少。最近的单基因研究表明，水力压裂后耐盐微生物群落得到了丰富。在这里，结合马塞卢斯页岩和尤蒂卡页岩的代谢物数据重建了31个独特的基因组，揭示了许多持续存在的生物在甲胺循环中发挥作用，最终支持深层生物圈的甲烷生成。注入化学添加剂的发酵也维持了微生物的长期存在，而硫代硫酸盐还原可能产生硫化物，导致储层酸化和基础设施腐蚀。病毒和微生物宿主之间的广泛联系显示了病毒的主动捕食，这可能有助于将不稳定的细胞成分释放到细胞外环境中。我们的分析表明，水力压裂为陆地深层的定居和持久性提供了生物和化学输入。
Hydraulic fracturing is the industry standard for extracting hydrocarbons from shale formations. Attention has been paid to the economic benefits and environmental impacts of this process, yet the biogeochemical changes induced in the deep subsurface are poorly understood. Recent single-gene investigations revealed that halotolerant microbial communities were enriched after hydraulic fracturing. Here, the reconstruction of 31 unique genomes coupled to metabolite data from the Marcellus and Utica shales revealed that many of the persisting organisms play roles in methylamine cycling, ultimately supporting methanogenesis in the deep biosphere. Fermentation of injected chemical additives also sustains long-term microbial persistence, while thiosulfate reduction could produce sulfide, contributing to reservoir souring and infrastructure corrosion. Extensive links between viruses and microbial hosts demonstrate active viral predation, which may contribute to the release of labile cellular constituents into the extracellular environment. Our analyses show that hydraulic fracturing provides the organismal and chemical inputs for colonization and persistence in the deep terrestrial subsurface.