Phyto-management of chromium contaminated soils through sunflower under exogenously applied 5-aminolevulinic acid
Phyto-management of chromium contaminated soils through sunflower under exogenously applied 5-aminolevulinic acid
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.017
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发表时间：
2018-04-30
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Ahmad, Tanvir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farid, Mujahid;Ali, Shafaqat;Ahmad, Tanvir
土壤重金属污染正威胁着地球仪的粮食安全。铬（Cr）污染导致农作物品质下降和产量降低。研究了铬对向日葵的毒害作用及5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）作为植物生长调节剂的改善作用。向日葵（FH-614）在单独的和/或与5-ALA（0、10和20 mg L-1）组合的渐增浓度的Cr（0、5、10和20 mg kg（-1））下生长。结果表明，铬抑制向日葵植物的整体生长，生物量，气体交换属性和叶绿素含量。此外，较低水平的铬（5和10 mg kg（-1））增加了活性氧（ROS）和电解质渗漏（EL）的产生，沿着抗氧化酶的活性，即，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）。但在高浓度Cr（20 mg kg-1）时，这些酶的活性呈下降趋势。添加5-ALA可显著减轻Cr对向日葵的毒害作用，沿着提高植物的生长和生物量，增加叶绿素含量、气体交换特性、可溶性蛋白质含量和SPAD值，降低EL值。5-ALA还增强了各铬水平下抗氧化酶的活性。植物各部位（叶、根、茎）中铬含量的增加与土壤中铬含量成正比。5-ALA的施用进一步提高了植物对Cr的吸收和浓度。为了了解植物对5-ALA的响应变化，需要对植物生物化学和遗传修饰进行详细的研究。
Soil contamination with heavy metals is threatening the food security around the globe. Chromium (Cr) contamination results in poor quality and reduction in yield of crops. The present research was performed to figure out the Cr toxicity in sunflower and the ameliorative role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a plant growth regulator. The sunflower (FH-614) was grown under increasing concentration of Cr (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1)) alone and/or in combination with 5-ALA (0, 10 and 20 mg L-1). Results showed that Cr suppressed the overall growth, biomass, gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll content of sunflower plants. Moreover, lower levels of Cr (5 and 10 mg kg(-1)) increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrolyte leakage (EL) along with the activities of antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacole peroxidase (POD), ascorbate (APX), catalase (CAT). But at higher concentration of Cr (20 mg kg(-1)), the activities of these enzymes presented a declining trend. However, the addition of 5-ALA significantly alleviated the Cr-induced toxicity in sunflower plant and enhanced the plant growth and biomass parameters along with increased chlorophyll content, gas exchange attributes, soluble proteins and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values by scavenging the ROS and lowering down the EL. The 5-ALA also enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes at all levels of Cr. The increase in Cr concentration in all plant parts such as leaf, root and stem was directly proportional to the Cr concentration in soil. The application of 5-ALA further enhanced the uptake of Cr and its concentration in the plants. To understand this variation in response of plants to 5-ALA, detailed studies are required on plant biochemistry and genetic modifications.