Please Scroll down for Article Social Neuroscience Fairness Concerns Predict Medial Frontal Negativity Amplitude in Ultimatum Bargaining Fairness Concerns Predict Medial Frontal Negativity Amplitude in Ultimatum Bargaining
Please Scroll down for Article Social Neuroscience Fairness Concerns Predict Medial Frontal Negativity Amplitude in Ultimatum Bargaining Fairness Concerns Predict Medial Frontal Negativity Amplitude in Ultimatum Bargaining
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通讯作者：
Maarten A. S. Boksem;D. De Cremer
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作者：
Maarten A. S. Boksem;D. De Cremer
本文可用于研究、教学和私人学习。明确禁止以任何形式向任何人进行任何实质性或系统的复制、再分发、转售、出借或再许可、系统供应或分发。出版商不作出任何明示或暗示的保证，也不表示内容将是完整、准确或最新的。任何说明、配方和药物剂量的准确性都应与主要来源进行独立核实。出版商对因使用本材料而直接或间接引起的任何损失、诉讼、索赔、法律程序、索偿或费用或损害概不负责。尽管有证据表明前扣带回(ACC)的活动与社会排斥、排斥和不公平有关，但起源于ACC的内侧额叶负波(MFN)反映了这些结构的证据仍然缺乏。在本研究中，受试者作为接受者参与最后通牒游戏，同时我们记录他们的脑电(EEG)。参与者对来自不同人类提倡者的公平和不公平的提议做出了回应。此外，参与者根据一项评估他们对公平的关注的指标对自己进行评级。结果表明，与公平要约相比，不公平要约的最惠国待遇幅度更明显。此外，这种影响在高度关注公平的受试者身上表现得最为明显。我们的发现表明，最惠国待遇不仅反映了结果是否符合预期，还反映了产生这些结果的过程是否符合社会甚至道德规范。此外，目前的结果表明，处于讨价还价状态的人不仅关心自己的结果，而且还关心导致这些结果的过程的公平性。
This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Despite evidence that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity is related to social exclusion, rejection and unfairness, evidence that medial frontal negativity (MFN), which has its source in the ACC, reflects these constructs remains unforthcoming. In the present study, subjects participated as recipients in an ultimatum game, while we recorded their electro-encephalogram (EEG). Participants responded to fair and unfair offers from different human proposers. In addition, participants rated themselves on a measure evaluating their concern for fairness. Results showed that MFN amplitude was more pronounced for unfair offers compared to fair offers. Moreover, this effect was shown to be most pronounced for subjects with high concerns for fairness. Our findings suggest that the MFN not only reflects whether outcomes match expectations, but also reflects whether the process by which these outcomes came about matches a social or even a moral norm. In addition, the present results suggest that people in bargaining situations are not only concerned with their own outcomes, but are also concerned with the fairness of the process that resulted in these outcomes.