Simultaneous measurements of aerosol size distributions at three sites in the European high Arctic
Simultaneous measurements of aerosol size distributions at three sites in the European high Arctic
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-19-7377-2019
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发表时间：
2019-06-04
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Krejci, Radovan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dall'Osto, Manuel;Beddows, David C. S.;Krejci, Radovan
气溶胶是北极气候系统的一个组成部分，因为它们与辐射直接相互作用，并通过云的形成间接相互作用。了解气溶胶粒径分布及其动力学对于预测这些气候相关效应的能力至关重要。当具有合适的尺寸和成分时，远程传输的颗粒和局部形成的颗粒都可以作为云凝结核（CCN）。成分或大小的微小变化可能会对目前北极环境特有的低浓度云凝结核产生重大影响。我们提出了一个聚类分析的粒度分布（PSD;尺寸范围8-500 nm）同时收集从三个高北极网站在3年期间（2013 - 2015）。斯瓦尔巴群岛上有两个站点：齐柏林研究站（ZEP;离地面474米）和附近的格鲁韦巴德天文台（GRU;离齐柏林约2公里，离地面67米）。第三个地点（VRS诺德站的维伦研究站;离地面30米）位于齐柏林西北偏西600公里处，格陵兰岛东北部的尖端。GRU网站首次被纳入网站间比较。K-means聚类分析提供了8个特定的气溶胶类别，进一步组合成具有相似特征的广泛PSD类别，即原始低浓度（12%-14%发生），新粒子形成（16%-32%），Aitken（21%-35%）和积累（20%-50%）。格陵兰站点GRU在较长的时间内受到统一的海冰区的限制，相对于斯瓦尔巴群岛站点，夏季的PSD具有较低的超细模式气溶胶浓度，但冬季的PSD具有较高的累积模式气溶胶浓度。结合化学成分和云凝结核性质，可以得出进一步的结论。三种不同类型的积累模式的气溶胶在冬季观测。这些与海洋喷雾（最大可探测尺寸，> 400纳米）、北极霾（主要模式为150纳米）和老化累积模式（主要模式为220纳米）气溶胶有关。与此相反，当地产生的颗粒，最有可能的海洋生物起源，表现出主导的成核和艾特肯模式在夏季的大小分布。获得的数据和分析指向未来的研究，包括分摊一次和二次气溶胶形成过程的相对贡献，以及阐明格陵兰海人为气溶胶动力学以及传输和去除过程。为了解决北极地区在单个观测站或测量事件之外的重要研究问题，必须继续加强国际科学合作。
Aerosols are an integral part of the Arctic climate system due to their direct interaction with radiation and indirect interaction through cloud formation. Understanding aerosol size distributions and their dynamics is crucial for the ability to predict these climate relevant effects. When of favourable size and composition, both long-rangetransported - and locally formed particles - may serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Small changes of composition or size may have a large impact on the low CCN concentrations currently characteristic of the Arctic environment. We present a cluster analysis of particle size distributions (PSDs; size range 8-500 nm) simultaneously collected from three high Arctic sites during a 3-year period (20132015). Two sites are located in the Svalbard archipelago: Zeppelin research station (ZEP; 474 m above ground) and the nearby Gruvebadet Observatory (GRU; about 2 km distance from Zeppelin, 67 m above ground). The third site (Villum Research Station at Station Nord, VRS; 30 m above ground) is 600 km west-northwest of Zeppelin, at the tip of northeastern Greenland. The GRU site is included in an inter-site comparison for the first time. K-means cluster analysis pro- vided eight specific aerosol categories, further combined into broad PSD classes with similar characteristics, namely pristine low concentrations (12 %-14 % occurrence), new particle formation (16 %-32 %), Aitken (21 %-35 %) and accumulation (20 %-50 %). Confined for longer time periods by consolidated pack sea ice regions, the Greenland site GRU shows PSDs with lower ultrafine-mode aerosol concentrations during summer but higher accumulation-mode aerosol concentrations during winter, relative to the Svalbard sites. By association with chemical composition and cloud condensation nuclei properties, further conclusions can be derived. Three distinct types of accumulation-mode aerosol are observed during winter months. These are associated with sea spray (largest detectable sizes, > 400 nm), Arctic haze (main mode at 150 nm) and aged accumulation-mode (main mode at 220 nm) aerosols. In contrast, locally produced particles, most likely of marine biogenic origin, exhibit size distributions dominated by the nucleation and Aitken mode during summer months. The obtained data and analysis point towards future studies, including apportioning the relative contribution of primary and secondary aerosol formation processes and elucidating anthropogenic aerosol dynamics and transport and removal processes across the Greenland Sea. In order to address important research questions in the Arctic on scales beyond a singular station or measurement events, it is imperative to continue strengthening international scientific cooperation.