Immunisation of migrants in EWEEA countries: Policies and practices
Immunisation of migrants in EWEEA countries: Policies and practices
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.068
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发表时间：
2019-08-23
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Ramsay, Mary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Giambi, Cristina;Del Manso, Martina;Ramsay, Mary
近年来，来自低收入和中等收入国家的移民大量涌入欧盟/欧洲经济区各国。2018年，“疫苗欧洲新综合协作努力（Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort，VENICE）”调查小组在30个欧盟/欧洲经济区国家进行了一项调查，以调查针对非正常移民、难民和寻求庇护者（本报告中后称“移民”）的免疫政策和做法。29个国家参加了调查。28个国家报告说，它们制定了针对儿童/青少年和成年移徙者的国家政策，但在7个国家，向成年移徙者提供的疫苗接种仅限于特定条件。在27/28个国家中，向儿童/青少年提供了国家免疫规划中包括的所有疫苗接种，在13/28个国家中，向成年人提供了疫苗接种。在15个只向成年人提供某些疫苗接种的国家中，优先接种白喉-破伤风、麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹和小儿麻痹症疫苗。22个国家记录了向儿童/青少年移民提供的疫苗信息，19个国家记录了向成年移民提供的疫苗信息，各国的记录方法差异很大。据报告，分别有13个和15个国家的个人数据和汇总数据没有与其他中心/机构共享。20个国家报告没有收集移徙者接种疫苗的数据;只有3个国家有国家一级的数据。13个国家制定了保障移徙者在社区一级接种疫苗的程序。最后，尽管移民疫苗接种战略多种多样，但除一个国家外，所有国家都制定了这些战略，而且这些战略总体上符合国际建议。需要努力加强原籍国、过境国和目的地国之间的伙伴关系并实施举措，以制定和更好地共享文件，以保证完成疫苗接种系列并避免不必要的重新接种。需要制定方便移民的战略，便利移民接种疫苗，并收集移民接种疫苗的数据，以弥补现有的差距。(C)2019作者爱思唯尔有限公司出版
In recent years various EU/EEA countries have experienced an influx of migrants from low and middle income countries. In 2018, the "Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort (VENICE)" survey group conducted a survey among 30 EU/EEA countries to investigate immunisation policies and practices targeting irregular migrants, refugees and asylum seekers (later called "migrants" in this report). Twenty-nine countries participated in the survey. Twenty-eight countries reported having national policies targeting children/adolescent and adult migrants, however vaccinations offered to adult migrants are limited to specific conditions in seven countries. All the vaccinations included in the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) are offered to children/adolescents in 27/28 countries and to adults in 13/28 countries. In the 15 countries offering only certain vaccinations to adults, priority is given to diphtheria-tetanus, measles-mumps-rubella and polio vaccinations. Information about the vaccines given to child/adolescent migrants is recorded in 22 countries and to adult migrants in 19 countries with a large variation in recording methods found across countries. Individual and aggregated data are reportedly not shared with other centres/institutions in 13 and 15 countries, respectively. Twenty countries reported not collecting data on vaccination uptake among migrants; only three countries have these data at the national level. Procedures to guarantee migrants' access to vaccinations at the community level are available in 13 countries. In conclusion, although diversified, strategies for migrant vaccination are in place in all countries except for one, and the strategies are generally in line with international recommendations. Efforts are needed to strengthen partnerships and implement initiatives across countries of origin, transit and destination to develop and better share documentation in order to guarantee a completion of vaccination series and to avoid unnecessary re-vaccination. Development of migrant-friendly strategies to facilitate migrants' access to vaccination and collection of vaccination uptake data among migrants is needed to meet existing gaps. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.