SELECTION AGAINST SPROUTING DAMAGE IN WHEAT .3. DORMANCY, GERMINATIVE ALPHA-AMYLASE, GRAIN REDNESS AND FLAVANOLS
SELECTION AGAINST SPROUTING DAMAGE IN WHEAT .3. DORMANCY, GERMINATIVE ALPHA-AMYLASE, GRAIN REDNESS AND FLAVANOLS
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DOI：
10.1071/ar9790387
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
GORDON, IL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GORDON, IL
谷粒发育、胚休眠、发芽α-对小麦[小麦]“Timgalen”和“Gamut”（白粒，非休眠）以及“Pembina”和“Sonora”（具有不同休眠水平的红粒）中的淀粉酶[EC 3.2.1.1]、色素沉着和黄烷醇进行了检查。每一个特征都有独特的发展模式。收获成熟时的净结果取决于性状之间的同步。休眠，根据胚胎反应判断（即，胚休眠），仅限于红小麦。有三种表达方式：在发育模式方面;在收获成熟或收获时的水平;和收获成熟后胚休眠期的长度。结果表明，胚休眠和籽粒发红的两个假说似乎是合理的。一个是多酚氧化酶复合物，它聚合黄烷醇的假定色素phlobaphene，有助于胚胎休眠，可能是通过增强缺氧。另一种是色素本身及其鞣酸络合物引起的缺氧。黄烷醇显然不是体内发芽抑制剂。休眠，由α-淀粉酶反应（即，淀粉酶休眠），并不总是与胚休眠。在胚休眠较多的红小麦中发现了一个长时间的淀粉酶休眠，而在另一个中没有发现。相反，在1个白色小麦中发现了一个短时期的淀粉酶休眠，但它不是胚休眠。讨论了这些生理性状与红粒衣经典基因的可能关系。发芽损害的选择有关的影响被认为是。
Grain development, embryo dormancy, germinative .alpha.-amylase [EC 3.2.1.1], pigmentation and flavanols, were examined in the wheats [Triticum aestivum] ''Timgalen'' and ''Gamut'' (white-grained, non-dormant), and ''Pembina'' and ''Sonora'' (red-grained with different levels of dormancy). Each trait had distinctive patterns of development. The net result at harvest ripeness depended on the synchronizations among traits. Dormancy, as judged by embryo response (i.e., embryo dormancy), was restricted to the red wheats. Three ways of expressing it were noted: in terms of development patterns; as levels at harvest ripeness or at harvest; and by the length of the period of embryo dormancy after harvest ripeness. Two hypotheses linking embryo dormancy and grain redness appeared plausible from the results. One was that the polyphenol oxidase complex, which polymerizes flavanols to the putative pigment phlobaphene, contributes towards embryo dormancy, probably through enhancement of hypoxia. The other was that the pigment itself and its tanning complexes cause the hypoxia. Flavanols apparently were not in vivo germination inhibitors. Dormancy, as judged by .alpha.-amylase response (i.e., amylase dormancy), was not always present together with embryo dormancy. A long period of amylase dormancy was found in the more embryo-dormant red wheat, but not in the other. Conversely, a short period of amylase dormancy was found in 1 white wheat, but it was not embryo-dormant. Possible relationships between these physiological traits and the classical genes for red grain coat were discussed. Implications concerning selection against sprouting damage were considered.