Dusty Plasmas - Kinetic Studies of Strong Coupling Phenomena
Dusty Plasmas - Kinetic Studies of Strong Coupling Phenomena
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DOI：
10.1063/1.4717979
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发表时间：
2011-11
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“尘埃等离子体”几乎无处不在——在星际介质中，在恒星和行星的形成中，在太阳系中，在地球的大气层中，在实验室中。在天体物理等离子体中，尘埃成分只占质量的1%左右，但它对热力学、化学和动力学都有深远的影响。重要的物理过程是充电、溅射、冷却、光吸收和辐射压力，将电磁力与重力联系起来。表面化学是另一个重要方面。在实验室里，人们对工业过程（如蚀刻、气相沉积）和强耦合现象的物理学有着极大的兴趣。在这里，尘埃（或微粒）是多组分等离子体的主要成分。这些粒子可以在实时和空间中被观察到，在所有相关的长度和时间尺度上被单独分解。这为研究自组织关系提供了前所未有的手段。
“Dusty plasmas” can be found almost everywhere—in the interstellar medium, in star and planet formation, in the solar system in the Earth’s atmosphere, and in the laboratory. In astrophysical plasmas, the dust component accounts for only about 1% of the mass, nevertheless this component has a profound influence on the thermodynamics, the chemistry, and the dynamics. Important physical processes are charging, sputtering, cooling, light absorption, and radiation pressure, connecting electromagnetic forces to gravity. Surface chemistry is another important aspect. In the laboratory, there is great interest in industrial processes (e.g., etching, vapor deposition) and—at the fundamental level—in the physics of strong coupling phenomena. Here, the dust (or microparticles) are the dominant component of the multi-species plasma. The particles can be observed in real time and space, individually resolved at all relevant length and time scales. This provides an unprecedented means for studying self-organisation pr...