Time-Resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry of On-Chip Biphoton Frequency Combs Using Vernier Phase Modulation
Time-Resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometry of On-Chip Biphoton Frequency Combs Using Vernier Phase Modulation
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevapplied.19.034019
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Karthik V. Myilswamy;Suparna Seshadri;Hsuan-Hao Lu;Mohammed S. Alshaykh;Junqiu Liu;T. Kippenberg;A. Weiner;J. Lukens
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文献类型：
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作者：
Karthik V. Myilswamy;Suparna Seshadri;Hsuan-Hao Lu;Mohammed S. Alshaykh;Junqiu Liu;T. Kippenberg;A. Weiner;J. Lukens
双光子频率梳（bfc）是大规模、高维量子信息和网络系统中很有前途的量子源。在这种情况下，单个频率箱的频谱纯度对于实现隐形传态和纠缠交换等量子网络协议至关重要。测量组成BFC的无预警信号或空闲光子的时间自相关函数是表征其光谱纯度的关键工具，进而验证双光子状态在网络协议中的效用。然而，测量BFC相关函数的实验精度往往受到检测器抖动的严重限制。相关函数$-$的精细时间特征不仅在量子信息中具有实用价值，而且在量子光学研究中也具有根本意义，因此失去了这些特征，至今仍未得到探索。我们提出了一种通过电光相位调制来规避这一挑战的方案，实验证明了由集成的40.5 GHz Si$_3$N$_4$微环产生的BFCs的时间分辨Hanbury Brown-Twiss表征，直至3$\ \ × $三维二元希尔伯特空间。通过电光驱动频率从梳的自由光谱范围的轻微失谐，我们的方法利用游标原理来放大时间特征，否则将被探测器抖动平均掉。我们在连续波和脉冲泵送制度下证明了我们的方法，发现与理论非常吻合。重要的是，我们的方法不仅揭示了贡献频率箱的集体统计数据，还揭示了它们在标准的完全集成的自相关测量中丢失的时间形状$-$特征。
Biphoton frequency combs (BFCs) are promising quantum sources for large-scale and high-dimensional quantum information and networking systems. In this context, the spectral purity of individual frequency bins will be critical for realizing quantum networking protocols like teleportation and entanglement swapping. Measurement of the temporal auto-correlation function of the unheralded signal or idler photons comprising the BFC is a key tool for characterizing their spectral purity and in turn verifying the utility of the biphoton state for networking protocols. Yet the experimentally obtainable precision for measuring BFC correlation functions is often severely limited by detector jitter. The fine temporal features in the correlation function$-$not only of practical value in quantum information, but also of fundamental interest in the study of quantum optics$-$are lost as a result and have remained unexplored. We propose a scheme to circumvent this challenge through electro-optic phase modulation, experimentally demonstrating time-resolved Hanbury Brown-Twiss characterization of BFCs generated from an integrated 40.5 GHz Si$_3$N$_4$ microring, up to a 3$\times$3-dimensional two-qutrit Hilbert space. Through slight detuning of the electro-optic drive frequency from the comb's free spectral range, our approach leverages Vernier principles to magnify temporal features which would otherwise be averaged out by detector jitter. We demonstrate our approach under both continuous-wave and pulsed pumping regimes, finding excellent agreement with theory. Importantly, our method reveals not only the collective statistics of the contributing frequency bins but also their temporal shapes$-$features lost in standard fully integrated auto-correlation measurements.