Does impulsivity change rate dependently following stimulant administration? A translational selective review and re-analysis.
Does impulsivity change rate dependently following stimulant administration? A translational selective review and re-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-015-4148-y
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Snider SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bickel WK;Quisenberry AJ;Snider SE
速率依赖性是指行为基线测量与干预后行为变化之间的有序关系。最常见的速率依赖性效应是行为基线速率与干预后响应率之间的反比关系。先前关于延迟贴现的速率依赖性的报告表明，在临床前和临床研究中，在急性和慢性施用潜在治疗药物后，延迟强化物的贴现，也许还有其他冲动措施，可能会随速率依赖性而变化。本文的目的是回顾兴奋剂对延迟贴现和其他冲动任务的影响。从文献中确定的所有研究都需要包括：1）冲动性的客观测量，2）安非他明、哌醋甲酯或莫达非尼的给药，3）给药前和给药后冲动性测量的呈现，以及4）按基线或媒介冲动性划分的个体药物效应或分组结果的报告。然后重新分析了二十五份研究报告，寻找与利率依赖性一致的证据。在所有可能的实例中，67% 产生的结果与速率依赖性一致。具体而言，分别有 72%、45% 和 80% 的数据集与安非他明、哌醋甲酯和莫达非尼给药后的速率依赖性一致。这些结果表明，利率依赖性是一种比文献中报道的更强烈的现象。冲动研究应将这种定量特征视为确定变量影响的过程，并作为评估未来干预措施有效性的潜在预后工具。
Rate dependence refers to an orderly relationship between a baseline measure of behavior and the change in that behavior following an intervention. The most frequently observed rate-dependent effect is an inverse relationship between the baseline rate of behavior and response rates following an intervention. A previous report of rate dependence in delay discounting suggests that the discounting of delayed reinforcers, and perhaps, other impulsivity measures, may change rate dependently following acute and chronic administration of potentially therapeutic medications in both preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of the current paper was to review the effects of stimulants on delay discounting and other impulsivity tasks. All studies identified from the literature were required to include: 1) an objective measure of impulsivity, 2) administration of amphetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil, 3) presentation of a pre- and post- drug administration impulsivity measure, and 4) the report of individual drug effects or results in groups split by baseline or vehicle impulsivity. Twenty-five research reports were then re-analyzed for evidence consistent with rate dependence. Of the total possible instances, 67% produced results consistent with rate dependence. Specifically, 72%, 45%, and 80% of the data sets were consistent with rate dependence following amphetamine, methylphenidate, and modafinil administration, respectively. These results suggest rate dependence is a more robust phenomenon than reported in the literature. Impulsivity studies should consider this quantitative signature as a process to determine the effects of variables and as a potential prognostic tool to evaluate the effectiveness future interventions.