Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry
Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-41215-8
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. McNeill;P. Ariya;M. Ammann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. McNeill;P. Ariya;M. Ammann
了解和减轻人类活动对空气质量和地球气候的影响是当今人类和子孙后代面临的最重大挑战之一。详细了解大气化学机制以及导致气溶胶和云形成的物理和化学过程，对于准确预测未来空气质量和气候是必要的。从源头上减少污染物的措施为明智的决策奠定了基础。在大气化学领域的一些领导者，在气体和气溶胶阶段，在当前化学主题的这一卷提供见解。阳光，特别是它打破几个化学键的能力，是大气化学的主要驱动力，通常通过产生反应性自由基来实现。在他们的“大气光化学的新兴领域”一章中，乔治和合著者回顾了气相、凝聚相和环境界面中长波光化学的新概念。异戊二烯的排放量是所有非甲烷碳氢化合物中最高的。它们的化学性质对于预测大气氧化剂水平和有机气溶胶含量至关重要。Heard等人在他们的章节“对流层异戊二烯氧化的新见解：结合现场测量、实验室研究、化学模拟和量子理论”回顾了我们对偏远地区异戊二烯化学的理解的最新进展（即，低氮氧化物的区域）驱动的令人惊讶的观察领域。了解气溶胶挥发性，即，为了准确地确定大气气溶胶含量，在气相和颗粒相之间分配化学物质是重要的。由于在大气的氧化环境中的化学“老化”，有机气溶胶物种的挥发性在气溶胶的整个寿命期间不断变化。同样，有机物的相态影响氧化老化的速率和机制。在他们的章节中，Donahue和合著者回顾了“大气有机气溶胶的挥发性和老化”之间联系背后的原理。
Understanding and mitigating the effects of human activities on air quality and the earth’s climate are among the most significant challenges facing mankind today and for future generations. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of atmospheric chemistry, and the physical and chemical processes leading to aerosol and cloud formation, is necessary for accurate predictions of future air quality and climate. Steps towards mitigation of pollutants at the source set the stage for smart policy decisions. Some of the field’s leaders in atmospheric chemistry, in both the gas and the aerosol phases, provide insights in this volume of Topics in Current Chemistry. Sunlight, and specifically its ability to break several chemical bonds, is the major driving force of atmospheric chemistry, normally through generation of reactive radicals. In their chapter “Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry,” George and co-authors review new concepts in long-wavelength photochemistry in the gas phase, in condensed phases, and at environmental interfaces. Isoprene emissions are the highest among all non-methane hydrocarbons. Their chemistry is critical for predicting atmospheric oxidant levels as well as organic aerosol loadings. Heard et al. in their chapter “New Insights into the Tropospheric Oxidation of Isoprene: Combining Field Measurements, Laboratory Studies, Chemical Modelling, and Quantum Theory” review recent advances in our understanding of the chemistry of isoprene in remote areas (ie, regions of low NOx) driven by surprising observations in the field.Understanding aerosol volatility, ie, the partitioning of chemical species between the gas and particulate phases, is important in order to determine atmospheric aerosol loadings accurately. The volatility of organic aerosol species evolves throughout the aerosol’s lifetime due to chemical “aging” in the oxidizing environment of the atmosphere. Likewise, the phase of an organic species influences the rate and mechanisms of oxidative aging. In their chapter, Donahue and coauthors review the principles behind the linkages between “Volatility and Aging of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol.”