Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood exposure to secondhand smoke before and after smoke-free legislation in three UK countries
Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood exposure to secondhand smoke before and after smoke-free legislation in three UK countries
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DOI：
10.1093/pubmed/fds025
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Moore, Laurence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore, Graham F.;Currie, Dorothy;Moore, Laurence
背景：低社会经济地位（SES）儿童的二手烟（SHS）暴露较高。限制在公共场所吸烟的立法与减少儿童SHS暴露和增加无烟家庭有关。本文探讨社会经济模式在这些changes.Methods重复横断面调查的10 867名学童在304所小学在苏格兰，威尔士和北方爱尔兰。儿童提供唾液可替宁检测，完成调查问卷之前和12个月后legislation.Results SHS曝光率最高，私人吸烟限制最不经常报告，在较低的SES儿童。含0.1 ng/ml（即无法检出）可替宁的唾液样本比例从31.0增加至41.0。虽然在整个SES谱中，没有证据表明吸烟转移到家中或增加SHS暴露，但样本中含有可检测水平的可替宁的可能性增加了社会经济不平等。在最贫困家庭的儿童中，96.9的立法后样本含有可替宁，而最富裕家庭的样本为38.2。较高接触水平的社会经济梯度保持不变。在最贫困家庭的儿童中，三分之一的样本含有3 ng/ml的可替宁。在家庭和汽车吸烟限制增加，虽然社会经济模式remained.Conclusions需要采取紧急行动，以减少在SHS暴露的不平等。这种行动应包括强调减少在汽车和家中吸烟。
Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is higher among lower socioeconomic status (SES) children. Legislation restricting smoking in public places has been associated with reduced childhood SHS exposure and increased smoke-free homes. This paper examines socioeconomic patterning in these changes.Methods Repeated cross-sectional survey of 10 867 schoolchildren in 304 primary schools in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Children provided saliva for cotinine assay, completing questionnaires before and 12 months after legislation.Results SHS exposure was highest, and private smoking restrictions least frequently reported, among lower SES children. Proportions of saliva samples containing 0.1 ng/ml (i.e. undetectable) cotinine increased from 31.0 to 41.0. Although across the whole SES spectrum, there was no evidence of displacement of smoking into the home or increased SHS exposure, socioeconomic inequality in the likelihood of samples containing detectable levels of cotinine increased. Among children from the poorest families, 96.9 of post-legislation samples contained detectable cotinine, compared with 38.2 among the most affluent. Socioeconomic gradients at higher exposure levels remained unchanged. Among children from the poorest families, one in three samples contained 3 ng/ml cotinine. Smoking restrictions in homes and cars increased, although socioeconomic patterning remained.Conclusions Urgent action is needed to reduce inequalities in SHS exposure. Such action should include emphasis on reducing smoking in cars and homes.