Diametrical diseases reflect evolutionary-genetic tradeoffs: Evidence from psychiatry, neurology, rheumatology, oncology and immunology.
Diametrical diseases reflect evolutionary-genetic tradeoffs: Evidence from psychiatry, neurology, rheumatology, oncology and immunology.
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直径疾病反映了进化基因的权衡：精神病学，神经病学，风湿病，肿瘤学和免疫学的证据。
DOI：
10.1093/emph/eov021
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发表时间：
2015-09-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Go MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crespi BJ;Go MC
权衡主要调节人类适应的表达。我们认为，权衡也会影响疾病中人类适应不良的患病率和形式。按照这种逻辑，一组疾病的风险增加通常会导致另一组疾病的风险降低。我们从四个临床领域的流行病学、遗传学和分子研究中描述了此类截然相反的疾病的证据：（i）精神病学（自闭症与精神病性情感病症），（ii）风湿病学（骨关节炎与骨质疏松症），（iii）肿瘤学和神经病学（癌症与神经退行性疾病）和（iv）免疫学 （自身免疫与传染病）。认识直径疾病很重要，因为增加一组疾病风险的基因型或环境因素可以防止相反的疾病，从而为疾病原因、预防和治疗提供新颖和直接的见解。确定与疾病相关的权衡背后的机制还应该指出规避或减轻这些权衡的方法，从而以更普遍的方式减少人类疾病的发病率和影响。
Tradeoffs centrally mediate the expression of human adaptations. We propose that tradeoffs also influence the prevalence and forms of human maladaptation manifest in disease. By this logic, increased risk for one set of diseases commonly engenders decreased risk for another, diametric, set of diseases. We describe evidence for such diametric sets of diseases from epidemiological, genetic and molecular studies in four clinical domains: (i) psychiatry (autism vs psychotic-affective conditions), (ii) rheumatology (osteoarthritis vs osteoporosis), (iii) oncology and neurology (cancer vs neurodegenerative disorders) and (iv) immunology (autoimmunity vs infectious disease). Diametric disorders are important to recognize because genotypes or environmental factors that increase risk for one set of disorders protect from opposite disorders, thereby providing novel and direct insights into disease causes, prevention and therapy. Ascertaining the mechanisms that underlie disease-related tradeoffs should also indicate means of circumventing or alleviating them, and thus reducing the incidence and impacts of human disease in a more general way.