Post-Weaning to Pre-Pubertal ('Juvenile') Stress: A Model of Induced Predisposition to Stress-Related Disorders
Post-Weaning to Pre-Pubertal ('Juvenile') Stress: A Model of Induced Predisposition to Stress-Related Disorders
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DOI：
10.1159/000331393
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Richter-Levin, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Horovitz, O.;Tsoory, M. M.;Richter-Levin, G.
人类研究表明，童年创伤容易导致个体患上与压力相关的疾病，例如抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。近年来，人们越来越关注在动物中有效模拟童年情感创伤对成年期压力反应的长期影响。大多数关于啮齿类动物早期生活压力对成年后压力反应影响的研究都集中在产后断奶前阶段。然而，精神病学研究在调查患者与压力相关的精神病理学的创伤史时，通常参考人类的童年而不是婴儿期。据此，我们研究了生命早期阶段，即断奶后、青春期前（青少年）时期压力暴露的后果，该时期与人类童年时期更为相似。这篇综述总结了一系列研究，探讨了大鼠在“幼年期”（“幼年应激”）期间暴露于压力源对这些动物在以后生活中应对压力的能力的影响。研究发现，幼年时期经历相对短暂但显着的压力经历会损害动物成年后应对压力挑战的能力。这些行为表现与神经调节通路的边缘系统大脑区域的持久改变有关，例如细胞粘附分子表达的改变、GABA能系统功能和循环皮质酮水平的改变。重要的是，这些研究还证明了相当大的个体和性别差异，这需要开发适当的分析方法。幼年应激模型与个体概况特征相结合，是研究啮齿类动物应激相关疾病的不同方面以及应激脆弱性和恢复力的神经机制的有用模型。版权所有 (C) 2012 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Human studies suggest that childhood trauma predisposes individuals to develop stress-related disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent years have witnessed growing interest in effectively modeling in animals the long-term effects of childhood emotional trauma on stress responses in adulthood. Most studies concerned with the impact of early-life stress on subsequent stress responses in adulthood in rodents have focused on the post-natal pre-weaning period. However, psychiatric studies often refer to human childhood rather than infancy when investigating the patients' traumatic history of stress-related psychopathologies. In accordance with that, we have examined the consequences of stress exposure at a later early-life period, the post-weaning, pre-puberty (juvenile) period, which holds greater resemblance to human childhood. This review summarizes a series of studies examining the impact of exposure of rats to stressors during 'juvenility' ('juvenile stress') on the ability of these animals to cope with stress later in life. Exposure to relatively brief but significant stress experience during juvenility was found to impair the ability of animals to cope with stressful challenges in adulthood. These behavioral manifestations were associated with lasting alterations in limbic system brain regions of neuromodulatory pathways, such as alterations in the expression of cell adhesion molecules, GABAergic system functioning and alterations in levels of circulating corticosterone. Importantly, these studies have also demonstrated considerable individual and sex differences, which call for the development of adequate analysis approaches. The juvenile stress model combined with characterization of individual profiles is presented as a useful model to study in rodents different facets of stress-related disorders and neural mechanisms of vulnerability and resilience to stress. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel