Preliminary mapping and characterisation of soils in the Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)
Preliminary mapping and characterisation of soils in the Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)
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DOI：
10.1007/s11629-008-0133-9
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发表时间：
2008-06
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Maika Läßiger;J. Scheithauer;K. Grunewald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maika Läßiger;J. Scheithauer;K. Grunewald
对皮林国家公园海拔1000~2400ma.s.l高山北部的土壤类型、腐殖质类型、植被及其海拔高度变化进行了序列分析。研究区以岩石学(主要是大理岩和花岗岩)、形态(不同的斜坡沉积、展布)和地形气候梯度等多种自然参数为特征。利用这些参数进行的统计分析为场地土类分类提供了依据。根据数字地形模型(DTM)和皮林国家公园的地质图，这些统计分析的结果被用来生成“潜在土壤类群图”(使用地理信息系统进行区划)。可以确定6个潜在土类。得到的地图在74.4%的覆盖区域上显示出68%的置信度。在高山和亚高山地区的钙质基质中，Rendzic Leptosol与叶酸组织土壤和组织-石灰性Leptosol相结合。随着海拔的降低，它们被Rendzic Leptosol，Phaeozem和Cambic Umbrisol的马赛克所取代。在高山地区硅质基底上发现的Umbrisol也被海拔降低的Cambic Umbrisol所取代。因此，土壤发生作用的特征是随着海拔的降低，土壤剖面的褐化程度和深度不断增加。在低层和钙质岩石基岩上，pH水平为微酸性到中性。亚高山地区的酸化加剧。在硅酸盐底物作用下，土壤pH降至4。矿物表土中腐殖质的典型值为10%~12%，土壤有机质层中的腐殖质含量在2000 ma.s.l以上。它们甚至更多。碳氮比接近20(中位数)。
Soil types, humus types and vegetation as well as their hypsometric variation were analysed in terms of sequences in the northern part of the high mountains of the Pirin National Park at altitudes between 1000 and 2400 m a.s.l. The study area is characterised by a large variety of natural parameters like petrology (mainly marble and granite), morphology (different slope deposits, exposition) and the orographic climate gradient. Statistical analyses using these parameters provided a basis for the soil group classification of the sites. Based on a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and a geological map of the Pirin National Park, the results of these statistical analyses were used to generate a “map of potential soil groups” (regionalisation using GIS). Six potential soil groups could be determined. The resulting map exhibits a confidence level of 68 % on 74.4 % of the covered area. Rendzic Leptosols, in combination with Folic Histosols and Histi-lithic Leptosols occur in the alpine and subalpine regions on calcareous substrates. With decreasing altitude they are replaced by a mosaic of Rendzic Leptosols, Phaeozems and an increasing occurrence of Cambic Umbrisols. Umbrisols found on silicatic substrates in the alpine region are replaced by Cambic Umbrisols with decreasing altitude as well. Hence, pedogenesis is characterised by increasing browning and depth of the soil profiles with decreasing altitude. The pH-level is slightly acidic to neutral in lower zones and on calcareous rocky bases. Acidification increases in the subalpine zone. Soil pH decreases down to 4 on silicate subtrates. Typical humic values in mineral topsoils are 10 to 12 %, and in organic layers of the soils above 2000 m a.s.l. they are even more. The C:N ratio closely ranges around 20 (median).