Behavioural, saliva cortisol and heart rate responses to different types of stimuli in dogs
Behavioural, saliva cortisol and heart rate responses to different types of stimuli in dogs
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-1591(97)00145-7
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mol, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beerda, B;Schilder, MBH;Mol, JA
压力参数，可以测量非侵入性可能有助于确定穷人的福利生活在私人住宅和机构的狗。行为参数可能有助于确定压力，但需要进一步调查，以确定哪些行为是适当的。在本研究中，记录并分析了狗的行为，以寻找急性应激的迹象。同时，唾液皮质醇和心率进行了测量，以支持有关压力的行为数据的解释。10只不同性别、不同年龄和不同品种的狗分别受到6种不同的刺激：声音爆炸、短暂的电击、下落的袋子、打开的雨伞和两种形式的束缚。每种类型的刺激已被选定其假定厌恶的属性，并间歇性地管理1分钟。刺激，不能预期的狗，声音爆炸，冲击和下降袋，往往会诱导唾液皮质醇反应和一个非常低的姿势。其余的刺激，这是由实验人员给予明显的狗，没有改变皮质醇水平，但确实引起不安，适度降低的姿势，身体抖动，口腔行为，并在较小程度上，打哈欠和张开嘴。每种类型的刺激都非特异性地诱导心率显著增加。心率水平在停止应激后8分钟内恢复正常。唾液皮质醇水平在一小时内降至正常。行为和生理应激参数之间的相关性不显着。从目前的结果，我们得出结论，在狗一个非常低的姿势可能表明强烈的急性应激，因为狗表现出非常低的姿势伴随着唾液皮质醇反应。当狗在社交环境中经历中度压力时，它们通常会表现出不安、口腔行为、打哈欠、张嘴和适度降低姿势的增加。犬心率反应的非特异性特征使其在急性应激时的解释复杂化。(C)1998 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
Stress parameters that can be measured noninvasively may help to identify poor welfare in dogs that live in private homes and institutions. Behavioural parameters are potentially useful to identify stress, but require further investigation to establish which behaviours are appropriate. In the present study, behaviours were recorded and analysed for signs of acute stress in dogs. Simultaneously, saliva cortisol and heart rate were measured to support the interpretation of the behavioural data with regard to stress. Ten dogs of either sex, different ages and various breeds were each subjected to six different stimuli: sound blasts, short electric shocks, a falling bag, an opening umbrella and two forms of restraint. Each type of stimulus had been selected for its assumed aversive properties and was administered intermittently for 1 min. The stimuli that could not be anticipated by the dogs, sound blasts, shocks and a falling bag, tended to induce saliva cortisol responses and a very low posture. The remainder of the stimuli, which were administered by the experimenter visibly to the dog, did not change the cortisol levels but did induce restlessness, a moderate lowering of the posture, body shaking, oral behaviours, and to a lesser extent, yawning and open mouth. Pronounced increases in the heart rate were nonspecifically induced by each type of stimulus. Heart rate levels normalized within 8 min after stressor administration had stopped. Saliva cortisol levels decreased to normal within the hour. Correlations between behavioural and physiological stress parameters were not significant. From the present results, we conclude that in dogs a very low posture may indicate intense acute stress since dogs show a very low posture concomitant with saliva cortisol responses. Dogs may typically show increased restlessness, oral behaviours, yawning, open mouth and a moderate lowering of the posture when they experienced moderate stress in a social setting. The nonspecific character of canine heart rate responses complicates its interpretation with regard to acute stress. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.