BRAIN, MIND AND MACHINE: WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION FOR PERCEPTIONS OF PERSONAL IDENTITY, AGENCY AND FREE WILL?
BRAIN, MIND AND MACHINE: WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION FOR PERCEPTIONS OF PERSONAL IDENTITY, AGENCY AND FREE WILL?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8519.2012.01978.x
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Glannon, Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lipsman, Nir;Glannon, Walter
大脑植入技术，如脑深部刺激(DBS)，旨在改善运动、情绪和行为病理，对我们对身份、代理和自由意志的理解提出了独特的挑战。这是因为这些设备可以对人的身体和心理特性产生明显的影响，但在正确操作时基本上是检测不到的。当他们受到神经精神障碍的损害时，他们可以补充和补偿一个人固有的能力和能力。此外，与谈话治疗或药物治疗不同，患者不需要做任何事情就能使治疗生效。如果人们接受，就像我们这里所说的那样，大脑植入在可植入的设备中是独一无二的，那么这可能会对作为同一个人坚持到底意味着什么，并成为一个人思想和行动的来源产生重大影响。通过考察当前使用的DBS的两个最常见的适应症，即运动(帕金森氏病)和精神(严重抑郁)领域，我们进一步认为，尽管DBS目前的应用并不一定代表着对个人身份和机构本身的独特威胁，但它将前所未有的第三方引入了关于这些概念的辩论。通过这种方式，DBS可以被用作一种工具，开始从概念上和经验上探索哲学最长期存在的一些形而上学问题。
Brain implants, such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which are designed to improve motor, mood and behavioural pathology, present unique challenges to our understanding of identity, agency and free will. This is because these devices can have visible effects on persons' physical and psychological properties yet are essentially undetectable when operating correctly. They can supplement and compensate for one's inherent abilities and faculties when they are compromised by neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, unlike talk therapy or pharmacological treatments, patients need not do' anything for the treatment to take effect. If one accepts, as we argue here, that brain implants are unique among implantable types of devices, then this can have significant implications for what it means to persist as the same person and be the source of one's thoughts and actions. By examining two of the most common indications for DBS in current use, namely in the motor (Parkinson's Disease) and psychiatric (Major Depression) domains, we further argue that although DBS, as it is currently applied, does not necessarily represent a unique threat to personal identity and agency per se, it introduces an unprecedented third party' into the debate on these concepts. In this way, DBS can be used as a tool to begin probing, both conceptually and empirically, some of philosophy's most perennial metaphysical questions.