Components of the location probability effect in visual search tasks.
Components of the location probability effect in visual search tasks.
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视觉搜索任务中位置概率效应的组成部分。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.14.3.453
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Miller,J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller,J
在视觉搜索任务中，当目标出现在通常包含目标的位置时，比它们出现在很少包含目标的位置时更快地被检测到。通过5个实验探讨了位置概率效应对空间位置和相对位置的依赖性以及对目标身份的依赖性或独立性。实验1改变刺激排的空间位置，以确定高位置概率是否有利于在视觉空间的特定位置或在行内的特定相对位置检测目标。两者都得到了大致相同程度的促进。在实验2中，诱导目标以高概率出现在四个显示位置中的一个，测试目标以等概率出现在所有四个位置。两个目标在高概率位置都比在其他位置更快地被发现，但诱导目标在高概率位置的优势比测试目标更大。在实验3-5中，检验了实验1和实验2中观察到的成分之间的对应关系。结果的总体模式与位置概率效应部分由注意力聚光灯产生的模型相一致，这有助于处理视觉空间中特定位置出现的任何刺激，部分由位置特定字母检测器网络产生，这有助于检测显示中特定相对位置的特定字母。还考虑了具有柔性扫描策略的模型。
In visual search tasks, targets are detected more rapidly when they appear in locations that commonly contain a target than when they appear in locations that rarely contain a target. Five experiments were conducted to investigate two specific properties of this location probability effect: its dependence on spatial location versus relative position and its dependence on or independence of target identity. In Experiment 1 spatial location of a stimulus row was varied to determine whether high location probability facilitates target detection in a particular location in visual space or a particular relative position within the row. Both were facilitated to approximately the same extent. In Experiment 2 an inducing target occurred with high probability in one of four display locations, and a test target occurred with equal probability in all four locations. Both targets were found more quickly in the high-probability location than in the other locations, but the advantage associated with targets in the high-probability location was larger for the inducing target than for the test target. In Experiments 3–5 the correspondence between the components observed in Experiments 1 and 2 was examined. The overall pattern of results was compatible with a model in which the location probability effect is produced partly by an attentional spotlight, which facilitates processing of any stimulus appearing in a particular location in visual space, and partly by a network of position-specific letter detectors, which facilitates detection of a particular letter in a particular relative position within a display. Models with flexible scanning strategies were also considered.