Recent advances in the development of nucleic acid diagnostics
Recent advances in the development of nucleic acid diagnostics
复制标题
DOI：
10.1586/erd.10.22
复制
发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Glynn, Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Connor, Louise;Glynn, Barry
自20世纪70年代初以来，将核酸序列用于特定诊断应用一直遵循着某种程度上的线性发展模式。20世纪70年代末，限制酶消化和逆转录的早期方法之后是Southern、Northern和Dot blotting，以及DNA测序。1985年，对聚合酶链式反应的描述和用于诊断的大量DNA的常规实验室操作，导致了分子生物学的指数增长。随后，出现了可供选择的DNA和RNA扩增方案。在过去的10年里，随着实时定量聚合酶链式反应和寡核苷酸微阵列的发展，见证了分子生物学的第二次爆炸。随着不需要体外扩增而直接从样本中检测核酸目标的方法的发展，以及用于提高核酸检测灵敏度的增强的转导元件的发展，这一进展继续下去。在这篇文章中，我们将介绍核酸诊断的现状，核酸诊断在临床实践中的应用，以及该领域的新兴技术。最后，我们将描述该领域的未来趋势和预期进展。
Since the early 1970s, the use of nucleic acid sequences for specific diagnostic applications has followed a somewhat linear pattern of development. Early methods for restriction enzyme digestion, as well as reverse transcription, were followed in the late 1970s by Southern, northern and dot blotting, as well as DNA sequencing. In 1985, the description of PCR and the routine laboratory manipulation of sufficient quantities of DNA for diagnostics, resulted in the exponential growth of molecular biology. Subsequently, alternative DNA and RNA amplification protocols followed. The last 10 years have seen the second explosion in molecular biology with the development of real-time quantitative PCR and oligonucleotide microarrays. This advancement continues with the development of methods for 'direct' nucleic acid target detection from samples without in vitro amplification, and enhanced transduction elements for improved sensitivity of nucleic acid detection. In this article, we will describe the current state of the art in nucleic acid diagnostics, the use of nucleic acid-based diagnostics in clinical practice and the emerging technologies in the field. Finally, we will describe future trends and expected advances in the field.