Ethnic stereotypes and the underachievement of UK medical students from ethnic minorities: qualitative study
Ethnic stereotypes and the underachievement of UK medical students from ethnic minorities: qualitative study
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.a1220
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发表时间：
2008-09-13
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dacre, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Woolf, Katherine;Cave, Judith;Dacre, Jane
目的探讨英国医学生在少数民族医学生学业不良背景下的民族刻板印象。设计定性研究，采用半结构式一对一访谈和焦点小组。设置伦敦医学院。参与者27名3年级医学生和25名临床教师，方法采用刻板印象威胁理论对数据进行分析（一种心理现象，被认为对来自少数民族的人在教育环境中的表现产生负面影响）和不断比较的方法。结果参与者认为师生关系对临床学习至关重要。教师对“好”的临床学生（互动，敏锐，尊重）有很强的认识，有些人描述了他们认为安静，无动力，不愿意的学生的侵略性。学生对“好”的临床教师有同样强烈的看法（鼓励、有兴趣、互动、不具攻击性）。学生和教师对“典型的”亚洲临床医学生的看法是一致的，发展良好的，他们被认为过度依赖书本，不善于与病人沟通，在临床教学期间过于安静，由于雄心勃勃的父母推动学习医学而缺乏动力。“典型的”白色学生的刻板印象没有那么发达：自主，自信，外向的团队合作者。直接歧视没有reported.Conclusions亚洲临床医学生可能比白色学生更容易被认为是刻板印象和消极的，这可能会减少他们的学习，危及他们与老师的关系。对他们群体的负面刻板印象的存在也增加了少数民族医学生表现不佳的可能性，部分原因可能是刻板印象的威胁。建议临床教师给予机会和培训，以鼓励他们了解他们的学生作为个人，从而促进与他们的积极的教育关系。
Objective To explore ethnic stereotypes of UK medical students in the context of academic underachievement of medical students from ethnic minorities.Design Qualitative study using semistructured one to one interviews and focus groups.Setting A London medical school.Participants 27 year 3 medical students and 25 clinical teachers, purposively sampled for ethnicity and sex.Methods Data were analysed using the theory of stereotype threat ( a psychological phenomenon thought to negatively affect the performance of people from ethnic minorities in educational contexts) and the constant comparative method.Results Participants believed the student- teacher relationship was vital for clinical learning. Teachers had strong perceptions about "good" clinical students ( interactive, keen, respectful), and some described being aggressive towards students whom they perceived as quiet, unmotivated, and unwilling. Students had equally strong perceptions about "good" clinical teachers ( encouraging, interested, interactive, non- aggressive). Students and teachers had concordant and well developed perceptions of the "typical" Asian clinical medical student who was considered over- reliant on books, poor at communicating with patients, too quiet during clinical teaching sessions, and unmotivated owing to being pushed into studying medicine by ambitious parents. Stereotypes of the "typical" white student were less well developed: autonomous, confident, and outgoing team player. Direct discrimination was not reported.Conclusions Asian clinical medical students may be more likely than white students to be perceived stereotypically and negatively, which may reduce their learning by jeopardising their relationships with teachers. The existence of a negative stereotype about their group also raises the possibility that underperformance of medical students from ethnic minorities may be partly due to stereotype threat. It is recommended that clinical teachers be given opportunities and training to encourage them to get to know their students as individuals and thus foster positive educational relationships with them.