Negative regulators of the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.

Negative regulators of the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.
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DOI:
10.1002/eji.201646484
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发表时间:
2017-04
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Suthar MS
Suthar MS
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Quicke KM;Diamond MS;Suthar MS

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在识别病毒、细菌和真菌上的特定分子模式后,宿主细胞会触发先天免疫反应,最终产生 I 型干扰素 (IFN)、促炎细胞因子和趋化因子,并限制病原体在宿主内复制和传播。在免疫反应的每个阶段,都有刺激和抑制信号来调节反应的幅度、质量和特征。正向调节促进抗病毒状态以控制并最终清除感染,而负向调节则抑制炎症并防止免疫介导的组织损伤。过度旺盛的先天免疫反应会导致细胞和组织的破坏,以及自发性自身免疫的发展。 RIG-I 样受体 (RLR)、视黄酸诱导基因 I (RIG-I) 和黑色素瘤分化相关基因 5 (MDA5) 属于胞质宿主 RNA 解旋酶家族,可识别不同的非自身 RNA 特征并引发针对多种 RNA 病毒感染的先天免疫反应。 RLR 信号通路受到严格调控,以实现精心策划的反应,旨在最大限度地提高抗病毒免疫力并最大限度地减少免疫介导的病理。这篇综述重点介绍了 RLR 信号通路负调节因子的最新发现,特别关注直接调节 RIG-I、MDA5 和 MAVS 功能的蛋白质和生物过程。
Upon recognition of specific molecular patterns on viruses, bacteria and fungi, host cells trigger an innate immune response, which culminates in the production of type I interferons (IFN), pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and restricts pathogen replication and spread within the host. At each stage of the immune response, there are stimulatory and inhibitory signals that regulate the magnitude, quality, and character of the response. Positive regulation promotes an antiviral state to control and eventually clear infection whereas negative regulation dampens inflammation and prevents immune-mediated tissue damage. An over-exuberant innate immune response can lead to the destruction of cells and tissues, and the development of spontaneous autoimmunity. The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) belong to a family of cytosolic host RNA helicases that recognize distinct non-self RNA signatures and trigger innate immune responses against several RNA virus infections. The RLR signaling pathway is tightly regulated to achieve a well-orchestrated response aimed at maximizing antiviral immunity and minimizing immune-mediated pathology. This review highlights contemporary findings on negative regulators of the RLR signaling pathway, with specific focus on the proteins and biological processes that directly regulate RIG-I, MDA5 and MAVS function.
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