Touch in Virtual Environments: Haptics and the Design of Interactive Systems
Touch in Virtual Environments: Haptics and the Design of Interactive Systems
复制标题
虚拟环境中的触摸：触觉和交互系统的设计
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Hespanha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. McLaughlin;G. Sukhatme;J. Hespanha
从书中：
前言
触觉界面正成为沉浸式系统中越来越重要的组成部分。触觉是指触摸的模态和观察者在探索虚拟对象时所感受到的形状和纹理的感觉，例如工具，仪器或艺术对象的三维模型。该领域的研究人员有兴趣开发，改进和测试触觉设备和界面，并将人类触摸的心理学研究结果应用于虚拟环境中的触觉模拟。虚拟环境中的触摸：触觉和交互系统的设计是2001年2月在南加州大学举行的为期一天的触觉会议的产物，由南加州大学集成媒体系统中心，国家科学基金会工程研究中心，南加州大学安嫩伯格通信学院和IEEE控制系统协会赞助。许多章节最初是作为论文在该会议上提出的。这本书的贡献者，谁代表了各种学科和机构的隶属关系，是研究人员谁可以公平地说是在工程科学的前沿工作，在一个领域，这是刚刚开始在沉浸式系统的设计产生影响。
在本书的第1-8章中，贡献者思考了有关触觉接口的问题，例如：如何通过更好的传感来改进当前最先进的触觉显示器？需要哪些软件工具和模型来促进共享虚拟环境的多用户触觉探索？我们如何优化触觉设备的低级别力控制？需要什么样的算法和技术来传达可变形物体的感觉？我们如何用触觉设备捕捉用户的探索？我们如何压缩触觉探索数据，以便能够存储或传输长时间的交互式会话？在第9-12章中，参与者考虑了不可预测和高度可变的“人在回路中”的影响。“他们研究了以下问题：我们如何使触觉显示器更适合盲人和视力受损的用户？用裸露的皮肤感知纹理和用探针感知纹理之间有什么区别，探针大小和速度等因素是如何影响的？我们可以了解到什么样的人类阈值检测小的触觉效果，这将是有用的手持设备的设计？在多模态交互系统中，视觉、声音和触觉在多大程度上相互补充或干扰？
除了探索触觉的基本研究问题，如模型的获取，接触检测，力反馈，压缩，捕获，协作和人为因素，触觉在虚拟环境中的贡献者详细描述了几个有前途的应用。触觉的主要应用领域是手术模拟和医疗培训。触觉也被纳入科学可视化，提供了一个直观的界面，复杂的生物和地球科学数据的显示。在一些项目中，触觉显示器已被用作绘画、雕塑和计算机辅助设计的替代输入设备。也有触觉应用于军事训练和模拟的例子，在陆地，海洋和航空航天环境中提供准确的方向信息来源。在第13-15章中，读者会发现应用于外科手术和外科手术模拟、手语识别和博物馆展示的说明。
From the Book:
Preface
The haptic interface is becoming an increasingly important component of immersive systems. Haptics refers to the modality of touch and the sensation of shape and texture an observer feels when exploring a virtual object, such as a three-dimensional model of a tool, instrument, or art object. Researchers in the field are interested in developing, refining, and testing haptic devices and interfaces, and applying findings from psychological studies of human touch to the simulation of the tactile sense in virtual environments. Touch in Virtual Environments: Haptics and the Design of Interactive Systems is an outgrowth of a one-day conference on haptics held at the University of Southern California in February, 2001, sponsored by USC's Integrated Media Systems Center, a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center, the Annenberg School for Communication at USC, and the IEEE Control Systems Society. Many of the chapters were first presented as papers at that venue. The contributors to this volume, who represent a variety of academic disciplines and institutional affiliations, are researchers who can fairly be said to be working at the cutting edge of engineering science, in an area that is just beginning to have an impact in the design of immersive systems.
In Chapters 1-8 of this book, the contributors ponder questions about the haptic interface, such as: How can current state-of-the-art haptic displays be improved via better sensing? What are the software tools and models needed to facilitate multi-user tactile exploration of shared virtual environments? How can we optimize low-level force control for haptic devices? What algorithms andtechniques are needed to convey the feel of deformable objects? How do we capture users' exploration with haptic devices? How do we compress haptic exploration data so that it becomes possible to store or transmit long interactive sessions? In Chapters 9-12, the contributors consider the impact of the unpredictable, and highly variable, "human-in-the-loop." They examine questions like the following: How can we make haptic displays more usable for blind and visually impaired users? What are the differences between perceiving texture with the bare skin and with a probe, and how do factors like probe size and speed contribute? What can we learn about human thresholds for detecting small haptic effects that will be useful for the design of hand-held devices? To what extent do vision, sound, and haptics complement or interfere with one another in multimodal interactive systems?
In addition to exploring basic research issues in haptics such as acquisition of models, contact detection, force feedback, compression, capture, collaboration, and human factors, the contributors to Touch in Virtual Environments describe in detail several promising applications. A primary application area for haptics has been in surgical simulation and medical training. Haptics has also been incorporated into scientific visualization, providing an intuitive interface to complex displays of biological and geoscientific data. In some projects haptic displays have been used as alternative input devices for painting, sculpting and computer-assisted design. There have also been instances of the application of haptics to military training and simulation, providing an accurate source of orientation information in land, sea, and aerospace environments. In Chapters 13-15 the reader will find accounts of applications to telesurgery and surgical simulation, sign language recognition, and museum display.