Development of interaction model on the risk assessment method for nuclear facilities using a system model with a multi-layer structure
Development of interaction model on the risk assessment method for nuclear facilities using a system model with a multi-layer structure
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DOI：
10.1080/00223131.2020.1845838
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发表时间：
2020-12-14
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Ohtori, Yasuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mori, Kenji;Muta, Hitoshi;Ohtori, Yasuki
在日本东京电力公司的福岛第一核电站发生事故后，安全条例要求的范围从纵深防御的第3级（在设计基准范围内控制事故）扩大到第4级（严重事故的措施），并加强了与第5级（场外应急反应）有关的措施。根据DiD 4级和5级核设施地震事故措施的特点，有必要考虑人为操作的影响和多个事件同时发生的情况。为了对这类事故进行风险评估，不仅需要考虑系统和/或部件行为和人为操作等要素之间的相互作用，而且还需要考虑这些要素行为的反馈的分析方法。然而，传统的概率风险评估方法是不够的，因为它是一种静态的分析方法。为此，作者提出了一种全新的交互模型，该模型基于STAMP/STPA方法和故障树分析的系统分析方法，采用多层结构的系统模型来表达交互和反馈，并提出了基于该模型的风险管理流程。
After the accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, in Japan, the scope of the safety regulation requirement was expanded from the level 3 (control of accidents within the design basis) of Defence in Depth (DiD) to the level 4 (measure of severe accidents), and measures related to the level 5 (off-site emergency response) were strengthened. Based on the characteristics of DiD level 4 and 5 measures for accidents of nuclear facilities assuming an earthquake, it is necessary to consider the influence of human operations and the simultaneous occurrence of multiple events. To perform the risk assessment for such accidents, the analysis method that can consider not only the interactions among elements such as system and/or component behaviors and human operations but also the feedback from behaviors of such elements should be needed. However, the conventional Probabilistic Risk Assessment method is insufficient for such considerations because it is a static analysis method. Therefore, the authors introduce a brand-new interaction model that can express the interaction and the feedback using a system model with a multi-layer structure based on both STAMP/STPA method and the system analysis method using Fault Tree Analysis, and propose a risk management process using this model.