Seasonal patterns in species diversity across biomes
Seasonal patterns in species diversity across biomes
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.2627
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Loreau, Michel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mellard, Jarad P.;Audoye, Pauline;Loreau, Michel
在季节性环境中可以看到明显的季节-多样性关系（SDR），在生长季节，活跃的物种多样性往往有一个确定的峰值。我们要问，这是一种普遍的模式吗？还有其他模式吗？此外，我们还想知道这种模式的最终原因是什么，我们能否用现有的生态理论来理解它？为了完成这一任务，我们组装了一个全球性的数据库，通过时间在不同的类群和栖息地的季节性环境中的物种多样性的变化，并进行了建模研究，试图复制观察到的模式。我们的全球数据库包括陆地和水生栖息地，温带，热带和极地环境，以及来自不同群体的分类群，包括脊椎动物，昆虫和浮游生物。我们构建了九个替代模型，不同的假设类型的季节性强迫，强迫的反应，物种生态位，物种之间的相互作用。我们发现，大多数行业协会的物种表现出可重复的SDR跨年。对于北温带生态系统，活跃的物种多样性通常在年中达到峰值。一个行会的峰值通常在陆地栖息地比水生栖息地更明显，在温带和极地地区比热带地区更明显。我们现在有证据表明，至少有几个不同的栖息地和类群类型可能在一年中有多个多样性高峰，例如，水生微生物和沙漠脊椎动物的行会可以显示出双峰或多峰SDR。我们比较了所有九个候选模型解释模式的能力，并将其假设与数据相匹配。在能够匹配不同的模式方面，有些人的表现要比其他人好得多。我们的结论是，一个模型，包括温度生态位和环境反馈是必要的，以解释不同的SDR。我们使用这样的模型来预测SDR如何受到气候变化的影响。应更加努力记录和了解多样性的基线季节模式，以便预测未来对全球变化的反应。
A conspicuous season-diversity relationship (SDR) can be seen in seasonal environments, often with a defined peak in active species diversity in the growing season. We ask is this a general pattern and are other patterns possible? In addition, we ask what is the ultimate cause of this pattern and can we understand it using existing ecological theory? To accomplish this task, we assembled a global database on changes in species diversity through time in seasonal environments for different taxa and habitats and also conducted a modeling study in an attempt to replicate observed patterns. Our global database includes terrestrial and aquatic habitats, temperate, tropical, and polar environments, and taxa from disparate groups including vertebrates, insects, and plankton. We constructed nine alternative models that vary in assumptions on type of seasonal forcing, responses to that forcing, species niches, and types of species interactions. We found that most guilds of species exhibit a repeatable SDR across years. For north temperate ecosystems, active species diversity generally peaks mid-year. The peak for a guild is generally more pronounced in terrestrial habitats than aquatic habitats and more pronounced in temperate and polar regions than the tropics. We now have evidence that at least several different habitat and taxa types are likely to have multiple peaks in diversity in a year, for example, guilds of both aquatic microbes and desert vertebrates can show a bimodal or multimodal SDR. We compared all nine candidate models in their ability to explain the patterns and match their assumptions to the data. Some performed considerably better than others in being able to match the different patterns. We conclude that a model that includes both temperature niches and environmental feedbacks is necessary to explain the different SDRs. We use such a model to make predictions about how the SDR could be impacted by climate change. More effort should be put into documenting and understanding baseline seasonal patterns in diversity in order to predict future responses to global change.