Evaluating wire-snare poaching trends and the impacts of by-catch on elephants and large carnivores
Evaluating wire-snare poaching trends and the impacts of by-catch on elephants and large carnivores
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.017
复制
发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kakumbi, Catherine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Matthew;McRobb, Rachel;Kakumbi, Catherine
钢丝网诱捕偷猎在非洲很普遍，但对非目标濒危物种，如大象(Loxodonta Africana)、狮子(Panthera Leo)和非洲野狗(Lycaon Pictus)的诱捕趋势、模式和副渔获物的影响了解甚少。我们对2005年12月至2010年11月在赞比亚卢安瓜河谷进行的1038次反偷猎巡逻的数据进行了回顾分析，以评估诱捕动态以及季节、巡逻规模和长度对诱捕检测的影响。我们还评估了副渔获物对大象、狮子和野狗种群的影响，这些种群对该地区以野生动物旅游为基础的经济至关重要。诱捕死亡率使偷猎大象的总数量增加了32%。大约11.5%的成年和亚成年狮子种群以及20%的成年(>；4岁)雄性狮子被诱捕。67%的群体(n=6)出现圈套狗，包括14-50%的成年和一岁群体成员(中位数=20%)和已经达到最小生存群体规模的常住群体(中位数=6%)的6-16%(平均=5.6)。季节和年度趋势的证据因巡逻类型不同而不同，但有大量证据表明诱捕的年际和季节性趋势是积极的，没有证据表明有下降的趋势。由于巡逻的目的是减少偷猎，而执法是为了适应越来越多的诱捕检测，根据巡逻数据对诱捕趋势的评估可能会产生混乱；因此，我们建议根据固定的、精心设计的协议，将整个巡逻反偷猎努力的一部分专门用于非适应性调查，以便能够公正地跟踪诱捕趋势，并对反偷猎和社区保护工作进行客观评估。此外，强调加强执法的预防性管理对于保护现有的以野生动物为基础的经济和资源至关重要。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Wire snare snare poaching is widespread in Africa yet snaring trends, patterns and the impacts of by-catch on non-target threatened species such as elephant (Loxodonta africana), lion (Panthera leo) and African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) are poorly understood. We conducted retrospective analyses of data from 1038 anti-poaching patrols conducted in Zambia's Luangwa valley from December 2005 to November 2010, to evaluate snaring dynamics and the effect of season, patrol size and length on snare detection. We also assessed impacts of by-catch on elephant, lion, and wild dog populations critical to the area's wildlife tourism-based economy. Snaring mortality increased overall elephant poaching offtake by 32%. Approximately 11.5% of the adult and subadult lion population and 20% of the adult (>4 years) males were snared. Snared dogs occurred in 67% of packs (n = 6), comprising 14-50% of adult and yearling pack members (median = 20%) and 6-16% of a resident population (median = 6%) already at minimum viable pack size (mean = 5.6). Evidence for seasonal and annual trends differed by patrol type, yet substantial evidence of positive interannual and seasonal trends in snaring existed and there was no evidence of a decreasing trend. Because patrols are intended to reduce poaching and enforcement is adaptive toward increasing snare detection, evaluations of snaring trends from patrol data are potentially confounded; thus we recommend that a portion of the overall patrol effort for anti-poaching should be devoted to non-adaptive surveys under fixed, well-designed protocols to enable unbiased tracking of snaring trends over time and objective evaluation of anti-poaching and community conservation efforts. In addition precautionary management emphasizing increased law enforcement is essential to protect existing wildlife-based economies and resources. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.