Creolizing the Roman Provinces
Creolizing the Roman Provinces
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罗马行省的克里奥尔化
DOI：
10.2307/507271
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
J. Webster
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Webster
“罗马化”是英国学者弗朗西斯·哈弗菲尔德在1905年首次讨论的一个概念，至今仍是罗马各省跨文化变革的主导模式。基于最近对罗马化的批评，本文认为，罗马化，这仅仅是文化同化，有优点作为一种手段，设想的过程中，省级精英通过罗马的符号，但这个概念是根本性的缺陷时，适用于大多数人口的省份。根据加勒比海和美洲历史考古学的发展，罗马行省被认为是克理奥尔化的可能比罗马化的更有用。克里奥尔化是一个语言学术语，指两种语言合并成一种方言，指的是多元文化调整的过程（包括艺术和宗教的变化），通过这种过程，非洲裔美国人和非洲裔加勒比人的社会在新世界建立起来。这里有人认为，克里奥尔人的观点可能会卓有成效地影响到罗马各省的物质文化。以罗马-凯尔特肖像学为例，克里奥尔人的观点提供了从“自下而上”的谈判征服后的身份，而不是从省级精英的角度来看，通常是在罗马化的研究情况下的见解。
"Romanization," a concept first discussed by the British scholar Francis Haverfield in 1905, remains the dominant model for intercultural change in the Roman provinces. Building on recent critiques of Romanization, this paper suggests that Romanization—which is simply acculturation—has merits as a means of envisaging the processes by which provincial elites adopted the symbols of Rome, but that the concept is fundamentally flawed when applied to the majority populations of the provinces. Drawing on developments in Caribbean and American historical archaeology, it is suggested that the Roman provinces may more usefully be regarded as creolized than as Romanized. Creolization, a linguistic term indicating the merging of two languages into a single dialect, denotes the processes of multicultural adjustment (including artistic and religious change) through which African-American and African-Caribbean societies were created in the New World. It is argued here that a creole perspective may fruitfully be brought to bear upon the material culture of the Roman provinces. Taking aspects of Romano-Celtic iconography as a case study, it is argued that a creole perspective offers insights into the negotiation of post-conquest identities from the "bottom up" rather than—as is often the case in studies of Romanization—from the perspective of provincial elites.