Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain
Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.50.4.415
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Wadsworth, MEJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Montgomery, SM;Bartley, MJ;Wadsworth, MEJ
目的-确定儿童时期的健康和社会经济因素是成年早期失业的前兆，并研究假设，年轻男子谁成为失业者更有可能在童年时期积累的健康风险。设计-纵向出生队列研究。在32岁之前的早期成年生活中经历的失业数量是所使用的结果测量。暴露的措施，以表明未来的健康状况不佳的脆弱性是：身高在7岁和布里斯托社会适应指南（BSAG）在11岁，行为失调的措施。社会经济措施是：出生时的社会阶层、7岁时的拥挤程度、进入劳动力市场之前获得的资格以及居住地区。背景-英国，受试者-共有2256名男性，完整数据来自国家儿童发育研究（NCDS）。NCDS收集了所有的男性和女性在一个星期内出生的数据，在1958年，并采用访谈，自我完成的问卷调查，并在出生时，在7岁，11岁，16岁，23岁和33 years.Results -共有249名男子（11.9%）经历了一年以上的失业年龄之间的22和32年。儿童时期社会经济条件差和缺乏资格与失业风险增加有关。地理区域在确定失业风险方面也很重要。即使在控制了社会经济背景、教育程度和父母身高之后，儿童时期身材矮小和社会适应能力差的男性在成年后也更有可能失业。当那些患有慢性儿童疾病的人被排除在分析之外时，这些差异仍然存在。与处于底部五分之一的男性相比，处于BSAG分布前五分之一（最不适应）的男性在22岁之间经历一次以上失业的调整后相对几率为2.36（95%，CI 1.49，3.73）。与处于前五分之一的男性相比，处于7岁时身高分布底部五分之一（表明增长最慢）的男性在22至32岁之间经历一年以上失业的调整后相对几率为2.41（95% CI 1.43，4.04）。成年人的身高与失业率没有显著相关性。结论-失业和健康状况不佳之间的关系，部分原因是，失业的男性更有可能在童年时期积累健康风险，这反映在生长较慢和行为失调的倾向更大。儿童期身材矮小是儿童期社会经济状况不良的一个重要指标，反映了早期发育不良。
Objective - To identify health and socioeconomic factors in childhood that are precursors of unemployment in early adult life and to examine the hypothesis that young men who become unemployed are more likely to have accumulated risks to health during childhood.Design - Longitudinal birth cohort study. The amount of unemployment experienced in early adult life up to age 32 years was the outcome measure used. Exposure measures to indicate vulnerability to future ill health were: height at age 7 years and the Bristol social adjustment guide (BSAG) at age 11 years, a measure of behavioural maladjustment. Socioeconomic measures were: social class at birth, crowding at age 7, qualifications attained before labour market entry, and region of residence. Setting - Great Britain.Subjects - Altogether 2256 men with complete data from the national child development study (NCDS). The NCDS has collected data on all men and women born in one week in 1958 and has followed them up using interviews, self completion questionnaires, and medical examinations at birth and at ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years.Results - A total of 249 men (11.9%) experienced more than one year of unemployment between ages 22 and 32 years. Poor socioeconomic conditions in childhood and a lack of qualifications were associated with an increased risk of unemployment. Geographical region was also significant in determining the risk of unemployment. Men with short stature and poor social adjustment in childhood were more likely to experience unemployment in adult life, even after controlling for socioeconomic background, education, and parental height. These differences remained when those with chronic childhood illnesses were excluded from the analysis. The adjusted relative odds for experiencing more than one unemployment between ages 22 years for men who were in the top fifth of the BSAG distribution (most maladjusted) compared with those in the bottom fifth were 2.36 (95%, CI 1.49, 3.73). The adjusted relative odds for experiencing more than one year of unemployment between ages 22 and 32 years for men who were in the bottom fifth of the distribution of height at age 7 years (indicating slowest growth) compared with those in the top fifth, were 2.41 (95% CI 1.43, 4.04). Adult height was not significantly associated with unemployment. Conclusion-The relationship between unemployment and poor health arises, in part, because men who become unemployed are more likely to have accumulated risks to health during childhood, reflected by slower growth and a greater tendency to behavioural maladjustment. Short stature in childhood is a significant indicator of poor socioeconomic circumstances in childhood and reflects earlier poor development.