Do We Prepare for What We Predict? How Target Expectations Affect Preparatory Attentional Templates and Target Selection in Visual Search.
Do We Prepare for What We Predict? How Target Expectations Affect Preparatory Attentional Templates and Target Selection in Visual Search.
复制标题
我们为我们的预测做好准备了吗？
DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_02054
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Grubert A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grubert A
视觉搜索由目标定义特征（注意模板）的表征引导，这些特征以预备的方式被激活。在这里，我们研究了这些模板激活过程是否受到即将到来的搜索目标的概率预期的调制。我们跟踪模板激活，而观察员准备搜索一个或两个可能的颜色定义的目标，通过测量N2PC组件（注意力捕获标记）任务无关的颜色探头闪烁每200毫秒在搜索显示之间的间隔。只有当相应的颜色模板在探针出现时是活性的，这些探针才会引发N2pcs。探头N2pcs在搜索显示开始前约600 msec出现。它们在单色和双色搜索之间没有区别，这表明两种颜色模板可以同时激活。至关重要的是，在双色搜索期间测量的探针N2pcs对于匹配预期或非预期颜色（目标颜色概率：80% vs. 20%）或两种同等可能颜色之一的探针是相同的。这强烈表明，概率目标颜色的期望没有影响搜索准备。与此形成鲜明对比的是，随后的目标选择过程受到这些预期的强烈影响。我们分别讨论了期望对预备搜索模板激活和搜索目标选择的影响明显分离的可能解释。
Visual search is guided by representations of target-defining features (attentional templates) that are activated in a preparatory fashion. Here, we investigated whether these template activation processes are modulated by probabilistic expectations about upcoming search targets. We tracked template activation while observers prepared to search for one or two possible color-defined targets by measuring N2pc components (markers of attentional capture) to task-irrelevant color probes flashed every 200 msec during the interval between search displays. These probes elicit N2pcs only if the corresponding color template is active at the time when the probe appears. Probe N2pcs emerged from about 600 msec before search display onset. They did not differ between one-color and two-color search, indicating that two color templates can be activated concurrently. Critically, probe N2pcs measured during two-color search were identical for probes matching an expected or unexpected color (target color probability: 80% vs. 20%), or one of two equally likely colors. This strongly suggests that probabilistic target color expectations had no impact on search preparation. In marked contrast, subsequent target selection processes were strongly affected by these expectations. We discuss possible explanations for this clear dissociation in the effects of expectations on preparatory search template activation and search target selection, respectively.